【Python】11 测试代码

前言：用unittest模块工具来测试代码。

11.1 测试函数

def get_formatted_name(first,last):
    """生成整洁的姓名"""
    full_name = first + ' ' + last
    return full_name.title()

from name_function import get_formatted_name
print("enter 'q' at any time to quit.")
while True:
    first = input("\nplease give me a first name: ")
    if first == 'q':
        break
    last = input("please give me a last name: ")
    if last == 'q':
        break

    formatted_name = get_formatted_name(first,last)
    print("\tneatly formatted name: " + formatted_name + '.')

11.1.1 单元测试和测试用例

标准库模块unittest提供代码测试工具。
单元测试用于核实函数的某个方面没有问题；测试用例是一组单元测试，核实某种情形下函数的有效性；全覆盖式测试用例包含一整套单元测试，涵盖了各种可能的函数使用方式。

11.1.2 可通过的测试

先导入unittest以及要测试的函数，再创建一个继承unittest.TestCase的类，并编写一系列方法对函数行为的不同方面进行测试。

import unittest  #导入模块
from name_function import get_formatted_name # 导入函数

class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase): #创建类，包含单元测试，必须继承unittest.TestCase
    def test_first_last_name(self):
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis','joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'janis Joplin') #断言方法，用来核实得到的结果时否与预期的一致

unittest.main()

测试通过.png

11.1.3 不能通过的测试

测试未通过.png

11.1.4 测试未通过时怎么办

不要修改测试，而应修复导致测试不能通过的代码，检查对函数所做的修改

11.1.5 添加新测试

import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name

class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_first_last_name(self):
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis','joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Janis Joplin')

    def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('wolfgang','mozart','amadeus')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart")
        
unittest.main()

多个测试通过.png

11.2 测试类

11.2.1 各种断言方法

• assertEqual（a,b) ---> 核实a == b
• assertNotEqual(a,b) ---> 核实a != b
• assertTrue(x) ---> 核实x为true
• assertFalse(x) ---> 核实x为false
• assertIn(item, list)--->核实item在list中
• assertNotIn(item, list)--->核实item不在list中

11.2.2 一个要测试的类

class AnonymousSurvey():  
"""创建一个类，收集匿名调查问卷的答案"""

    def __init__(self,question):
    """存储一个问题，并存储问题答案做准备"""
        self.question = question
        self.responses = []

    def show_question(self):
    """显示调查问卷"""
        print(self.question)

    def store_response(self,new_response):
    """存储单份调查答卷"""
        self.responses.append(new_response)

    def show_results(self):
    """显示收集到的所有答卷"""
        print("Survey results：")
        for response in self.responses:
              print("- " + response)

from survey import AnonymousSurvey

#定义一个问题，并创建一个表示调查的anonymoussurvey对象
question = "what language did you first learn to speak？"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)

#显示问题并存储答案
my_survey.show_question()
print("enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True:
    response = input("language: ")
    if response == 'q':
        break
    my_survey.store_response(response)

#显示调查结果
print("\nthank you to everyone who participated in the survey!")
my_survey.show_results()

what language did you first learn to speak？
enter 'q' at any time to quit.

language: English
language: japanese
language: chinese
language: French
language: q

thank you to everyone who participated in the survey!
Survey results：
-English
-japanese
-chinese
-French

11.2.3 测试AnonymousSurvey类

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey

class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
"""针对anonymoussurvey类的测试"""

    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试的单个答案会被妥善的 存储"""
        question = "what language did you first learn to speak?"
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        my_survey.store_response('English')

    def test_store_three_responses(self):
        """测试三个答案会被妥善的存储"""
        question = "what language did you first learn to speak?"
        my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        responses = ['english','spanish','mandarin']
        for response in responses:
            my_survey.store_response(response)

        for response in responses:
            self.assertIn(response,my_survey.responses)
        
unittest.main()

测试类.png

11.1.4 方法setUp()

只需创建一次对象，在每个测试方法中使用。

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey

class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        """创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供使用的测试方法使用"""
        question =  "what language did you first learn to speak?" 
        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question) #创建调查对象
        self. responses = ['english','spanish','mandarin']#创建答案列表
        """存储在属性中，因此可在类的任何地方使用"""

    def test_store_single_response(self):
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0],self.my_survey.responses)

    def test_store_three_responses(self):
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response,self.my_survey.responses)

unittest.main()

测试类.png