RSA非对称加密

作者: 锦鲤跃龙 | 来源:发表于2017-09-30 15:32 被阅读0次

算法简介

RSA算法是一种非对称密码算法，所谓非对称，就是指该算法需要一对密钥，使用其中一个加密，则需要用另一个才能解密。
RSA的算法涉及三个参数，n、e1、e2。
其中，n是两个大质数p、q的积，n的二进制表示时所占用的位数，就是所谓的密钥长度。
e1和e2是一对相关的值，e1可以任意取，但要求e1与(p-1)(q-1)互质；再选择e2，要求(e2e1)mod((p-1)*(q-1))=1。
（n，e1),(n，e2)就是密钥对。其中(n，e1)为公钥，(n，e2)为私钥。
RSA加解密的算法完全相同，设A为明文，B为密文，则：A=B^e2 mod n；B=A^e1 mod n；（公钥加密体制中，一般用公钥加密，私钥解密）
e1和e2可以互换使用，即：
A=B^e1 mod n；B=A^e2 mod n;

这里写图片描述

开发步骤

1.生成秘钥

生成私密秘钥1024位的私钥

openssl genrsa -out private.pem 1024
利用私钥生成公钥
openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -out rsa_public_key.pem -pubout
生成请求生成证书dea文件

openssl req -new -key private.pem -out rsaCertReq.csr

这里写图片描述

生成签名证书

openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in rsaCertReq.csr -signkey private.pem -out rsaCert.crt

5.生成苹果需要的der证书
openssl x509 -outform der -in rsaCert.crt -out public_key.der

生成p12文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -out private_key.p12 -inkey private.pem -in rsaCert.crt
期间要输入密码，这个密码一定要记住

也可以用下面的代码生成.sh文件进行执行即可

#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "Generating RSA key pair ..."
echo "1024 RSA key: private_key.pem"
openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024

echo "create certification require file: rsaCertReq.csr"
openssl req -new -key private_key.pem -out rsaCertReq.csr

echo "create certification using x509: rsaCert.crt"
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in rsaCertReq.csr -signkey private_key.pem -out rsaCert.crt

echo "create public_key.der For IOS"
openssl x509 -outform der -in rsaCert.crt -out public_key.der

echo "create private_key.p12 For IOS. Please remember your password. The password will be used in iOS."
openssl pkcs12 -export -out private_key.p12 -inkey private_key.pem -in rsaCert.crt

echo "create rsa_public_key.pem For Java"
openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -out rsa_public_key.pem -pubout
echo "create pkcs8_private_key.pem For Java"
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -in private_key.pem -out pkcs8_private_key.pem -nocrypt

echo "finished."

2.加密解密工具类

头文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface RSAEncryptor : NSObject
/**
 *  加密方法
 *
 *  @param str   需要加密的字符串
 *  @param path  '.der'格式的公钥文件路径
 */
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path;

/**
 *  解密方法
 *
 *  @param str       需要解密的字符串
 *  @param path      '.p12'格式的私钥文件路径
 *  @param password  私钥文件密码
 */
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path password:(NSString *)password;

/**
 *  加密方法
 *
 *  @param str    需要加密的字符串
 *  @param pubKey 公钥字符串
 */
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;

/**
 *  解密方法
 *
 *  @param str     需要解密的字符串
 *  @param privKey 私钥字符串
 */
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;

体文件

#import "RSAEncryptor.h"
#import <Security/Security.h>


@implementation RSAEncryptor

static NSString *base64_encode_data(NSData *data){
    data = [data base64EncodedDataWithOptions:0];
    NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return ret;
}

static NSData *base64_decode(NSString *str){
    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
    return data;
}

#pragma mark - 使用'.der'公钥文件加密

//加密
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path{
    if (!str || !path)  return nil;
    return [self encryptString:str publicKeyRef:[self getPublicKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:path]];
}

//获取公钥
+ (SecKeyRef)getPublicKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)filePath{
    NSData *certData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    if (!certData) {
        return nil;
    }
    SecCertificateRef cert = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (CFDataRef)certData);
    SecKeyRef key = NULL;
    SecTrustRef trust = NULL;
    SecPolicyRef policy = NULL;
    if (cert != NULL) {
        policy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();
        if (policy) {
            if (SecTrustCreateWithCertificates((CFTypeRef)cert, policy, &trust) == noErr) {
                SecTrustResultType result;
                if (SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &result) == noErr) {
                    key = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(trust);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (policy) CFRelease(policy);
    if (trust) CFRelease(trust);
    if (cert) CFRelease(cert);
    return key;
}

+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)publicKeyRef{
    if(![str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]){
        return nil;
    }
    if(!publicKeyRef){
        return nil;
    }
    NSData *data = [self encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] withKeyRef:publicKeyRef];
    NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);
    return ret;
}

#pragma mark - 使用'.12'私钥文件解密

//解密
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path password:(NSString *)password{
    if (!str || !path) return nil;
    if (!password) password = @"";
    return [self decryptString:str privateKeyRef:[self getPrivateKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:path password:password]];
}

//获取私钥
+ (SecKeyRef)getPrivateKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)filePath password:(NSString*)password{
    
    NSData *p12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    if (!p12Data) {
        return nil;
    }
    SecKeyRef privateKeyRef = NULL;
    NSMutableDictionary * options = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [options setObject: password forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];
    CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
    OSStatus securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef) p12Data, (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)options, &items);
    if (securityError == noErr && CFArrayGetCount(items) > 0) {
        CFDictionaryRef identityDict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items, 0);
        SecIdentityRef identityApp = (SecIdentityRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(identityDict, kSecImportItemIdentity);
        securityError = SecIdentityCopyPrivateKey(identityApp, &privateKeyRef);
        if (securityError != noErr) {
            privateKeyRef = NULL;
        }
    }
    CFRelease(items);
    
    return privateKeyRef;
}

+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)privKeyRef{
    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
    if (!privKeyRef) {
        return nil;
    }
    data = [self decryptData:data withKeyRef:privKeyRef];
    NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return ret;
}

#pragma mark - 使用公钥字符串加密

/* START: Encryption with RSA public key */

//使用公钥字符串加密
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
    NSData *data = [self encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] publicKey:pubKey];
    NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);
    return ret;
}

+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
    if(!data || !pubKey){
        return nil;
    }
    SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPublicKey:pubKey];
    if(!keyRef){
        return nil;
    }
    return [self encryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}

+ (SecKeyRef)addPublicKey:(NSString *)key{
    NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
        NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
        NSUInteger e = epos.location;
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
        key = [key substringWithRange:range];
    }
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" "  withString:@""];
    
    // This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
    NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
    data = [self stripPublicKeyHeader:data];
    if(!data){
        return nil;
    }
    
    //a tag to read/write keychain storage
    NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PubKey";
    NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
    
    // Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
    NSMutableDictionary *publicKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [publicKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey);
    
    // Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
    [publicKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPublic forKey:(__bridge id)
     kSecAttrKeyClass];
    [publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
     kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    
    CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
    OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, &persistKey);
    if (persistKey != nil){
        CFRelease(persistKey);
    }
    if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    [publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    [publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
    [publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    
    // Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
    SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
    status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
    if(status != noErr){
        return nil;
    }
    return keyRef;
}

+ (NSData *)stripPublicKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
    // Skip ASN.1 public key header
    if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
    
    unsigned long len = [d_key length];
    if (!len) return(nil);
    
    unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
    unsigned int  idx     = 0;
    
    if (c_key[idx++] != 0x30) return(nil);
    
    if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
    else idx++;
    
    // PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA
    static unsigned char seqiod[] =
    { 0x30,   0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
        0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
    if (memcmp(&c_key[idx], seqiod, 15)) return(nil);
    
    idx += 15;
    
    if (c_key[idx++] != 0x03) return(nil);
    
    if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
    else idx++;
    
    if (c_key[idx++] != '\0') return(nil);
    
    // Now make a new NSData from this buffer
    return ([NSData dataWithBytes:&c_key[idx] length:len - idx]);
}

+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{
    const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
    size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
    
    size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
    void *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
    size_t src_block_size = block_size - 11;
    
    NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
        //NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
        size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
        if(data_len > src_block_size){
            data_len = src_block_size;
        }
        
        size_t outlen = block_size;
        OSStatus status = noErr;
        status = SecKeyEncrypt(keyRef,
                               kSecPaddingPKCS1,
                               srcbuf + idx,
                               data_len,
                               outbuf,
                               &outlen
                               );
        if (status != 0) {
            NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
            ret = nil;
            break;
        }else{
            [ret appendBytes:outbuf length:outlen];
        }
    }
    
    free(outbuf);
    CFRelease(keyRef);
    return ret;
}

/* END: Encryption with RSA public key */

#pragma mark - 使用私钥字符串解密

/* START: Decryption with RSA private key */

//使用私钥字符串解密
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
    if (!str) return nil;
    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
    data = [self decryptData:data privateKey:privKey];
    NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return ret;
}

+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
    if(!data || !privKey){
        return nil;
    }
    SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPrivateKey:privKey];
    if(!keyRef){
        return nil;
    }
    return [self decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}

+ (SecKeyRef)addPrivateKey:(NSString *)key{
    NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
    NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
    if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
        NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
        NSUInteger e = epos.location;
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
        key = [key substringWithRange:range];
    }
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
    key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" "  withString:@""];
    
    // This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
    NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
    data = [self stripPrivateKeyHeader:data];
    if(!data){
        return nil;
    }
    
    //a tag to read/write keychain storage
    NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PrivKey";
    NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
    
    // Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
    NSMutableDictionary *privateKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [privateKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey);
    
    // Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
    [privateKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate forKey:(__bridge id)
     kSecAttrKeyClass];
    [privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
     kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    
    CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
    OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, &persistKey);
    if (persistKey != nil){
        CFRelease(persistKey);
    }
    if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    [privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    [privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
    [privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    
    // Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
    SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
    status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
    if(status != noErr){
        return nil;
    }
    return keyRef;
}

+ (NSData *)stripPrivateKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
    // Skip ASN.1 private key header
    if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
    
    unsigned long len = [d_key length];
    if (!len) return(nil);
    
    unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
    unsigned int  idx     = 22; //magic byte at offset 22
    
    if (0x04 != c_key[idx++]) return nil;
    
    //calculate length of the key
    unsigned int c_len = c_key[idx++];
    int det = c_len & 0x80;
    if (!det) {
        c_len = c_len & 0x7f;
    } else {
        int byteCount = c_len & 0x7f;
        if (byteCount + idx > len) {
            //rsa length field longer than buffer
            return nil;
        }
        unsigned int accum = 0;
        unsigned char *ptr = &c_key[idx];
        idx += byteCount;
        while (byteCount) {
            accum = (accum << 8) + *ptr;
            ptr++;
            byteCount--;
        }
        c_len = accum;
    }
    
    // Now make a new NSData from this buffer
    return [d_key subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(idx, c_len)];
}

+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{
    const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
    size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
    
    size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
    UInt8 *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
    size_t src_block_size = block_size;
    
    NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
        //NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
        size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
        if(data_len > src_block_size){
            data_len = src_block_size;
        }
        
        size_t outlen = block_size;
        OSStatus status = noErr;
        status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef,
                               kSecPaddingNone,
                               srcbuf + idx,
                               data_len,
                               outbuf,
                               &outlen
                               );
        if (status != 0) {
            NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
            ret = nil;
            break;
        }else{
            //the actual decrypted data is in the middle, locate it!
            int idxFirstZero = -1;
            int idxNextZero = (int)outlen;
            for ( int i = 0; i < outlen; i++ ) {
                if ( outbuf[i] == 0 ) {
                    if ( idxFirstZero < 0 ) {
                        idxFirstZero = i;
                    } else {
                        idxNextZero = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            [ret appendBytes:&outbuf[idxFirstZero+1] length:idxNextZero-idxFirstZero-1];
        }
    }
    
    free(outbuf);
    CFRelease(keyRef);
    return ret;
}

/* END: Decryption with RSA private key */


@end

3.使用方法

加密

 
    NSString *filePath =  [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"public_key" ofType:@"der"];
    //加密
   NSString* result = [RSAEncryptor encryptString:@"加密数据" publicKeyWithContentsOfFile:filePath];

在iOS下解码需要先加载private key, 之后在对数据解码. 解码的时候先进行Base64 decode, 之后在用private key decrypt加密数据.

NSString *filePath =  [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"private_key" ofType:@"p12"];
   
    NSString *decryptedString = [RSAEncryptor decryptString:@"密文" privateKeyWithContentsOfFile:filePath password:@"密码"];
    NSLog(@"decrypted data: %@", decryptedString);

PS

由于非对称加密很慢，一般不用非对称加密而是
RSA + AES 组合（非对称 + 对称组合）
1.利用AES对称对数据本身加密
2.RSA非对称算法，对AES的KEY加密

RSA非对称加密

算法简介

开发步骤

1.生成秘钥

2.加密解密工具类

头文件

体文件

3.使用方法

PS

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