词:pioneer
英英释义:develop or be the first to use or apply (a new method, area of knowledge, or activity)
例句:It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment.
2. 体会这个词 (进阶篇)
“pioneer”可以作名词也可以作动词,作名词有“先驱、开拓者”的意思,作动词意思是“开创、开辟、率先做某事”,我们今天学习 pioneer 作动词的用法。pioneer 作为动词,可以取代 somebody was the first to do something,让语言变得更简洁、更地道。
从 pioneer 的英文释义我们可以看出,它后面一般会接 a method, an area of knowledge, an activity, an approach, a practice 等。下面通过几个例句来了解它的用法。
支付宝最早开始使用并普及移动支付,我们就可以说:
It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment. (这里的"mobile payment“可以看作是“method”)
这个句子中还可以加上我们之前学过的 norm 一词:
It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment, now widely seen as a norm.
前不久美国西南航空公司的创始人 Herb Kelleher 去世,《经济学人》给他写了篇讣告,介绍他的时候说:
Herb Kelleher, a pioneer of cheap air travel, died on January 3rd, aged 87.
这句话中的 pioneer 是名词,我们可以用 pioneer 的动词形式改写为:
Herb Kelleher, who pioneered cheap air travel, died on January 3rd, aged 87. (这句话里面的“cheap air travel”可以看作是 an activity 或 a practice)
在这篇文章里面还有一句话用到了 pioneer 作动词的用法:
American aviation in the 1970s was dominated by the hub-and-spoke approach, pioneered by Delta Air Lines in the belief that the most efficient way to fill planes was to fly through hub cities and hoover up passengers.
句子中对“the hub-and-spoke approach”这个普通读者可能不了解的做法作了解释:航空公司为了节约成本,提升满员率,可以让飞机先飞往大的机场,然后再让乘客转乘飞往小机场的航班。
3. 从认识到会用(作业)
1)翻译下面的句子:
手冲咖啡(pourover coffee)的制作技艺是由一名日本咖啡师发明。
The pourover coffee technique was pioneered by a Japanese barista.
(参考翻译:The pourover coffee technique was pioneered by a Japanese barista.)
2)结合自己的生活、学习、工作、兴趣等,想象在什么语境下会用到这个表达。先简要描述这个场景,再造句。
场景:太空
造句:The space race between America and the Soviet Union was as much about ideological oneupmenship as extraterrestrial exploration. A new space race to the moon has even less lofty goal: sightseeing. Two space-tourism companies are planning rival lunar missions that could see private individuals paying to fly to Earth’s nearest celestial neighbor. On June 19th Excalibur Almaz, a space company based on the Isle of Man, a British dependency in the Irish Sea, became the second company after space adventures,an American space-tourism firm-to offer tickets for a commercial moonshot. Both firms are charging $ 150 million a seat, a price that includes month of ground-based training. Neither is offering a descent to the moon’s surface-just a lunar fly-by. Whereas the American pioneered space race, the Russians are favourites for the rematch.
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