CCNA-23、EthernetChannel

EC

EthernetChannel - 以太网信道

EC模型

-将类似属性的链路逻辑聚合
-负载均衡
-视为一个逻辑端口冗余

能做负载均衡也能做链路备份

Dynamic Trunk Negotiation Protocols
动态中继协商协议
·PAgP协议
-Cisco proprietary #思科私有
·LACP
-IEEE 802.3ad standard #信网大部分都是LACP

模式

-Etherchannel PAgP Mode:
Mode                                                                      Description
·auto
  Places a port into a passive negotiating state, in which the port responds to PAgP packetsit receives but does not start PAgP packet negotiation.This setting minimizes the transmission of PAgP packets.
·desirable
  Places a port into an active negotiating state, in which the port starts negotiations with otherports by sending PAgP packets.
·on
  Forces a port to channel without PAgP(or the Link Aggregation Control Protocol [LACP]).In the on mode, a usable EtherChannel exists only when a port group in the on mode isconnected to another port group in the on mode.

-Etherchannel LACP Mode:
Mode                                                                       Description
·active     #自动
  Places a port into an active negotiating state in which the port starts negotiations with otherports by sending LACP packets.
·passive    #被动
  Places a port into a passive negotiating state in which the port responds to LACP packetsthat it receives,but does not start LACP packet negotiation.This setting minimizes thetransmission of LACP packets.
·on      #no模式两边都有配置no模式
  Forces a port to channel without PAgP or LACP.With the on mode, a usable EtherChannelexists only when a port group in the on mode is connected to another port group in the on mode.

. Configure PAgP
- interface port-channel {channel-group-number}
- channel-protocol pagp
- channel-group 1 mode {mode}

. Verify
- show interfaces fastethernet 0/1 etherchannel
- show etherchannel 1 port-channel
- show etherchannel 1 summary

Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel

#配置二层EC 
Switch (config)#interface range interface slot / port - port
#Specifies the interfaces to configure in the bundle
Switch (config-if-range) #channel-protocol {pagp | lacp}
#Specifies the channel protocol-either PAgP or LACP
Switch(config-if-range) #channel-group number mode {activel on | auto | desirable | passive}
#Creates the port-channel interface and places the interfaces as members

两台交换机的配置

SW1与SW2配置一样
SW2(config)#interface range gigabitEthernet 0/1-2
SW2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 
SW2(config)#interface range gigabitEthernet 0/1-2
SW2(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on 

查看捆绑组是否生效

SW2(config-if-range)#do sh etherc sum 
Flags:  D - down        P - bundled in port-channel
        I - stand-alone s - suspended
        H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
        R - Layer3      S - Layer2
        U - in use      N - not in use, no aggregation
        f - failed to allocate aggregator

        M - not in use, minimum links not met
        m - not in use, port not aggregated due to minimum links not met
        u - unsuitable for bundling
        w - waiting to be aggregated
        d - default port

        A - formed by Auto LAG


Number of channel-groups in use: 1
Number of aggregators:           1

Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports
------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------
1      Po1(SU)          -        Gi0/1(P)    Gi0/2(P)  
###Group里有了Gi0/1;Gi0/2这个就代表捆绑成功了

查看链路带宽是否翻倍

SW2(config-if-range)#
======================================================================
SW2#show interfaces port-channel 1
Port-channel1 is up, line protocol is up (connected) 
  Hardware is EtherChannel, address is 50c7.e200.bf01 (bia 50c7.e200.bf01)
  MTU 1500 bytes, （（（BW 2000000 Kbit/sec）））, DLY 10 usec,    
                          #带宽变成了200兆      
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input 00:00:00, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/2000/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec
     126 packets input, 7332 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts (0 multicasts)
     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     314 packets output, 22660 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
     0 unknown protocol drops
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
SW2#

普通链路带宽是100M

SW2#show interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/3
GigabitEthernet0/3 is down, line protocol is down (notconnect) 
  Hardware is iGbE, address is 50c7.e200.bf03 (bia 50c7.e200.bf03)
  MTU 1500 bytes, （（（BW 1000000 Kbit/sec）））, DLY 10 usec, 
                     #未捆绑的普通链路带宽是100兆     
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Auto Duplex, Auto Speed, link type is auto, media type is RJ45
  output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input never, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts (0 multicasts)
     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
     0 watchdog, 0 multicast, 0 pause input
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets
     0 unknown protocol drops
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     1 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
SW2#

删除接口下的配置命令：

SW2(config)#default interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

default 接口

配置EC时要先把接口shutdown，再配置，配置完后再no shutdown ，可以减少出bug的情况
S = 二层以太网信道
R = 三层以太网信道
U = 在使用当中

#先配置Trunk 
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk

SW1(config)#interface range gigabitEthernet 0/1-2
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-protocol lacp
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 12 mode active 

SW2(config)#interface range gigabitEthernet 0/1-2
SW2(config-if-range)#channel-protocol lacp
SW2(config-if-range)#channel-group 12 mode passive 

SW2#show etherchannel summary 
Flags:  D - down        P - bundled in port-channel
        I - stand-alone s - suspended
        H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
        R - Layer3      S - Layer2
        U - in use      N - not in use, no aggregation
        f - failed to allocate aggregator

        M - not in use, minimum links not met
        m - not in use, port not aggregated due to minimum links not met
        u - unsuitable for bundling
        w - waiting to be aggregated
        d - default port

        A - formed by Auto LAG


Number of channel-groups in use: 2
Number of aggregators:           2

Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports
------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------
1      Po1(SD)          -        
12     Po12(SD)        LACP      Gi0/1(s)    Gi0/2(s) 
#新建的捆绑组12已经生效了工作在（s）二层以太网信道模式

==================================================================================

Configuring Layer 3 EtherChannel

配置三层的以太网信道

Switch (config)#interface port-channel port-channel-number
  ·Creates a port-channel interface
Switch (config-if)#no switchport
Switch (config-if)#ip address address mask
  ·Specifies L3 and assigns an lP address and subnet mask to the EtherChannel
Switch (config)#interface interface slot/port
  ·Specifies an interface to configure
Switch (config-if)#no switchport
Switch (config-if)#channel-group number mode { auto | desirable | on }
  ·Configures the interface as L3 and specifies the port channeland the PAgP mode

配置三层EC

###SW1
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-protocol pagp 
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 34 mode  desirable 
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 34
###SW2
SW2(config-if-range)#channel-protocol pagp 
SW2(config-if-range)#channel-group 34 mode auto 
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 34
===============================================
###配置ip是在port-channel里配置的
###SW1
SW1(config)#interface port-channel 34
SW1(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
SW1(config-if)#
###SW2
SW2(config)#interface port-channel 34
SW2(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
SW2(config-if)#
 
###配置双工速率
###一般是自动协商
sw2(config-if)#duplex auto
sw2(config-if)#speed auto
###也可以手动设置
sw2(config-if)#duplex full
sw2(config-if)#speed 100
###ip地址必须配置在三层以太网逻辑port-channel里。
###如果配置二层里面，他们里面的vlan必须要相同。

SW1#show interfaces port-channel 34
Port-channel34 is up, line protocol is up (connected) 
  Hardware is EtherChannel, address is 50c7.e200.8000 (bia 50c7.e200.8000)
  MTU 1500 bytes, （（（BW 2000000 Kbit/sec）））, DLY 10 usec, 
                          #带宽变成了200兆     
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input 00:00:02, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     34 packets input, 7816 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
     0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     29 packets output, 6794 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
     0 unknown protocol drops
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
SW1#

以太网负载均衡

9种负载均衡方式

Command       Purpose
Step 1        configure terminal                      Enter global configuration mode.
Step 2        port-channel load-balance { dst-ip | dst-mac | src-dst-ip | src-dst-mac | src-ip | src-mac }        Configure an EtherChannel load-balancing method.
                          The default is src-mac.
                          Select one of these load-distribution methods:
#目标ip
dst-ip—Load distribution is based on the destination-host IP address.
#目标mac
dst-mac—Load distribution is based on the destination-hostMAC address of the incoming packet.
#源和目标ip
src-dst-ip—Load distribution is based on thesource-and-destination host-IP address.
#源和目标mac
src-dst-mac—Load distribution is based on thesource-and-destination host-MAC address.
#源ip
src-ip—Load distribution is based on the source-host IPaddress.
#源mac
src-mac—Load distribution is based on the source-MAC address of the incoming packet.
Step 3    end      Retun to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 4    show etherchannel load-balance        Verify your entries.
Step 5    copy running-config startup-config    (Optional) Save your entries in the configuration file.
#还有一些高级的交换机还可以基于:源端口;目标端口;源和目标端口

去取数据包中的最后一个ip地址，就有两种排序，
-最后一个ip地址如果是0，他就走第一条链路，如果是1他就走第二条链路。
如果是4条链路，它取最后两位ip,就有四种排序
如果是8条链路，他就取最后三位ip

如果是基于源跟目的ip，他要取两位嘛，他就取源ip取1位，把目标ip取1位，进行异或运行 0 0=0 ；0 1 =1

负载均衡的配置命令

SW1(config)#port-channel load-balance ?
  dst-ip       Dst IP Addr
  dst-mac      Dst Mac Addr
  src-dst-ip   Src XOR Dst IP Addr
  src-dst-mac  Src XOR Dst Mac Addr
  src-ip       Src IP Addr
  src-mac      Src Mac Addr

SW1(config)#port-channel load-balance 
####一般来说捆绑8条没啥问题，具体还待看ios