CentOS7环境部署Nextcloud

CentOS7环境部署NextCloud 13

介绍：Nextcloud是一款免费开源的私有网盘软件，支持存储文件，在线预览视频、图片，支持多用户（Seafile免费版只支持到3用户），支持移动端使用，并且可以扩展功能。

安装环境要求：

Nextcloud安装环境要求

---

本次安装环境：

CentOS 7.4 3.10.0-862
Mariadb-5.5.56
PHP-7.1.18
Nginx-1.12.2
Nextcloud-13

安装过程

1. 操作系统准备（略）
   我选择在Azure上搭建虚拟机来部署。

2. 关闭防火墙和selinux（使用网络安全组开放22端口和80/443端口）

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0(临时关闭，但建议修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件关闭)

3. 安装基本工具

yum –y install lrzsz unzip vim gcc wget epel-release
yum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-devel redis

4. 安装运行Mariadb（yum安装即可），配置开机自启

yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
systemctl enable mariadb.service
systemctl start mariadb.service

5. 初始化数据库（设置root密码，具体过程略），为nextcloud创建数据库用户

mysql_secure_installation
mysql –u root –p
create database nextcloud_db;
grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextcloudpass';
flush privileges;
exit

这样就创建了一个拥有nextcloud_db库全部权限的nextclouduser用户，该用户可本地连接，密码为nextcloudpass

6. 安装启动Nginx，设置开机自启

yum -y install nginx
mkdir /var/www
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www
systemctl enable nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service

7. 安装PHP

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum -y install php71w php71w-fpm
yum -y install php71w-mbstring php71w-common php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt
yum -y install php71w-mysql php71w-xml php71w-cli php71w-devel
yum -y install php71w-pecl-memcached php71w-pecl-redis php71w-opcache

vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
;修改user和group这两行，大概在8行左右
user = nginx
group = nginx

;取消这几行的注释，大概在第370行左右
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

建立相关目录，修改相关目录权限

mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/lib/php/session/

vi /etc/php.d/opcache.ini
修改/etc/php.d/opcache.ini，将以下行注释去掉，并修改为对应的配置值
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.revalidate_freq=1
opcache.save_comments=1

安装smbclient扩展模块

yum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-devel
pecl install smbclient
vi /etc/php.d/smbclient.ini

新建/etc/php.d/smbclient.ini，添加如下内容

extension=smbclient.so

开启、启动php-fpm服务

systemctl enable php-fpm.service
systemctl start php-fpm.service

8. 安装Nextcloud

下载Nextcloud（选择合适的版本，这里我选择了latest-13.zip）

其他版本请访问https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/

解压

unzip latest-13.zip
mv nextcloud /var/www/
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www

生成SSL证书（这里为自签名证书，如需要正规的免费证书，请访问SSL FOR FREE申请）

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*

配置Nginx

修改nginx服务配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf为以下内容，将“yourname.domain”替换为自己的域名，修改client_max_body_size可以设置最大可上传的文件大小

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
 worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
 include mime.types;
 default_type application/octet-stream;
 #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
 # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
 # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 #access_log logs/access.log main;
 sendfile on;
 #tcp_nopush on;
 #keepalive_timeout 0;
 keepalive_timeout 65;
 #gzip on;
 upstream php-handler {
 server 127.0.0.1:9000;
 #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
 }

 server {
 listen 80;
 server_name yourname.domain;
 # enforce https
 return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
 }

 server {
 listen 443 ssl http2;
 server_name yourname.domain;
 ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;

 # Add headers to serve security related headers
 # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
 # topic first.
 # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
 # includeSubDomains; preload;";
 #
 # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
 # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
 # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
 # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
 # could take several months.

 add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
 add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
 add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
 add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
 add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
 # Path to the root of your installation
 root /var/www/nextcloud/;

 location = /robots.txt {
 allow all;
 log_not_found off;
 access_log off;
 }

 # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
 # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
 #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
 #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
 # last;

 location = /.well-known/carddav {
 return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
 }

 location = /.well-known/caldav {
 return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
 }

 # set max upload size
 client_max_body_size 512M;
 fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
 # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers

 gzip on;
 gzip_vary on;
 gzip_comp_level 4;
 gzip_min_length 256;
 gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;

 gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

 # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
 # This module is currently not supported.
 #pagespeed off;

 location / {
 rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
 }

 location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
 deny all;
 }

 location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
 deny all;
 }

 location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {
 fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
 include fastcgi_params;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
 fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
 #Avoid sending the security headers twice
 fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
 fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
 fastcgi_pass php-handler;
 fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
 fastcgi_request_buffering off;
 }

 location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
 try_files $uri/ =404;
 index index.php;
 }

 # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
 # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
 location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {
 try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
 add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
 # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
 # have those duplicated to the ones above)
 # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
 # this topic first.
 # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
 # includeSubDomains; preload;";
 #

 # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
 # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
 # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
 # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
 # could take several months.
 add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
 add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
 add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
 add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
 add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
 # Optional: Don't log access to assets
 access_log off;
 }

 location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
 try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
 # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
 access_log off;
 }
 }
}

让Nginx重新载入配置

nginx -s reload

9. 初始化Nextcloud

使用域名或者IP进行访问，出现初始设置页面在这里设置Nextcloud管理员用户名和密码，然后选择使用的数据库为MySQL/MariaDB，填入之前设置数据库时的用户名（nextclouduser）、密码（nextcloudpass）、数据库名称（nextcloud_db），然后确认进行初始化后就可以使用了

10. 开启缓存

开启内存缓存，可以提升响应速度。之前我们已经通过yum安装了redis服务，通过pecl安装了php的apcu、redis组件，下面先把redis设置为系统服务，再修改Nextcloud的配置。

安装、配置redis服务，设置服务自启、启动服务

yum -y install redis
systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redis

修改/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php文件，在配置加入

vim /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => array(
 'host' => 'localhost',
 'port' => 6379,
 ),

让Nginx重新载入配置

nginx -s reload

11.一个可能遇到的无法登陆的问题
创建完成可能无法登陆，建议检查一下你的/var/lib/php目录权限，我的遇到这个问题发现是这个目录的属主属组为root，修改为nginx:nginx后就可以正常访问了。