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第15天,JavaScript之事件介绍

第15天,JavaScript之事件介绍

作者: CaiGuangyin | 来源:发表于2017-10-26 15:01 被阅读9次

    目录

    1、onload
    2、onsubmit
    3、onselect
    4、onchange
    5、onkeydown
    6、onmousemove、onmouseleave、onmouseout
    7、事件传播
    8、实例练习
        8.1 select移动
        8.2 二级联动
        8.3 实现表格的正反选及全选
        8.4 搜索框实现
        8.5 跑马灯及tab切换
    

    W3Cschool Html DOM 事件对象

    1、onload

    onload事件会在页面内容加载完成后立即被触发;当有些事情我们希望页面加载完立即执行时,就可以使用该事件

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <script>
            window.onload=function () {
                document.getElementsByTagName("p")[0].style.color='red'
            }
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <p>您好</p>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    正常情况下,JS代码上html标签之前的话,JS是找不到相应的标签的;将JS代码放在onload事件函数中后,会在页面全部加载完成后执行,就可以找到相应的html标签进行相关操作了。

    2、onsubmit

    onsubmit事件是在提交表单时触发,该事件只能给form元素使用。应用场景:在表单提交前验证用户输入是否正确,如果验证失败,在该方法中我们应该阻止表单的提交。

    阻止默认事件有两种方式:一种是return false、另一种是e.preventDefault()

    需求:验证用户输入的用户名长度必须大于5,小于20;不符合要求就阻止表单提交。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <style>
            .hide{
                display: none;
            }
            .hint{
                color: red;
                font-size: 12px;
                margin-left: 5px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <form action="" id="form">
        <p id="p">username: <input type="text" name="user"><span class="hint hide">用户名长度必须是大于5位,小于20位</span></p>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
    
    <script>
        var form=document.getElementById("form");
        var span=document.getElementsByClassName("hide")[0];
        form.onsubmit=function (e) {
            var username=document.getElementsByName('user')[0].value;
            if (username.length<5 || username>20){
                span.classList.remove("hide");
    //            return false  //阻止默认事件方式一
                e.preventDefault()    //阻止默认事件方式二
            }else {
                span.classList.add("hide");
                alert("合法输入")
            }
        }
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    注意:在使用第二种阻止默认事件方式时,必须给绑定的函数传一个参数,这个参数是默认的event对象。这个event对象中封装了该事件的一些相关属性。

    3、onselect

    用户选取文本时触发 ( 仅限于input 标签和 textarea标签)

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <input type="text">
    <script>
        var ele=document.getElementsByTagName("input")[0];
        ele.onselect=function(){
              alert(123);
        }
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    Paste_Image.png

    如上图,选中input中的文本时,会弹出123.

    4、onchange

    该事件在表单元素的内容改变时触发( input, keygen, select, 和 textarea标签)

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <select name="" id="">
        <option value="">111</option>
        <option value="">222</option>
        <option value="">333</option>
    </select>
    
    <input type="text" value="求改变我吧">
    <script>
        var ele=document.getElementsByTagName("select")[0];
        var input=document.getElementsByTagName("input")[0];
        ele.onchange=function(){
            alert(123);
        };
    
        input.onchange=function () {
            alert("已经改变了")
        }
    </script>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    5、onkeydown

    Event 对象:Event 对象代表事件的状态,比如事件在其中发生的元素、键盘按键的状态、鼠标的位置、鼠标按钮的状态。

    事件通常与函数结合使用,函数不会在事件发生前被执行!event对象在事件发生时系统已经创建好了,并且会在事件函数被调用时传给事件函数.我们获得仅仅需要接收一下即可.比如onkeydown,我们想知道哪个键被按下了,需要问下event对象的属性,这里就时KeyCode.

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <input type="text" id="t1"/>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var ele=document.getElementById("t1");
        ele.onkeydown=function(e){
            e=e||window.event;
            var keynum=e.keyCode;
            var keychar=String.fromCharCode(keynum);  //将键盘对应按键的ASCII码转换为当前按键对应的字母
            alert(keynum+'----->'+keychar);
        };
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    6、onmousemove、onmouseleave、onmouseout

    onmousemove 事件在鼠标移动到 div 元素上时触发。
    onmouseleave 事件只在鼠标指针移出 div 元素时触发。
    onmouseout 事件在鼠标指针移出 div 元素及离开子元素时触发。

    实例练习:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>W3Cschool教程(w3cschool.cn)</title>
    <style>
    div {
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
        border: 1px solid black;
        margin: 10px;
        float: left;
        padding: 30px;
        text-align: center;
        background-color: lightgray;
    }
    p {
        background-color: white;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h3>以下实例演示了 onmousemove, onmouseleave 和 onmouseout 的区别。</h3>
    <p> onmousemove 事件在鼠标移动到 div 元素上时触发。</p>
    <p> mouseleave 事件只在鼠标指针移出 div 元素时触发。 </p>
    <p> onmouseout 事件在鼠标指针移出 div 元素及离开子元素(p 和 span)时触发。</p>
    <div onmousemove="myMoveFunction()">
      <p>onmousemove: <br> <span id="demo">鼠标移入和移出!</span></p>
    </div>
    <div onmouseleave="myLeaveFunction()">
      <p>onmouseleave: <br> <span id="demo2">鼠标移入和移出!</span></p>
    </div>
    <div onmouseout="myOutFunction()">
      <p>onmouseout: <br> <span id="demo3">鼠标移入和移出!</span></p>
    </div>
    <script>
    x = 0;
    y = 0;
    z = 0;
    function myMoveFunction() {
        document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = z+=1;
    }
    function myLeaveFunction() {
        document.getElementById("demo2").innerHTML = x+=1;
    }
    function myOutFunction() {
        document.getElementById("demo3").innerHTML = y+=1;
    }
    </script>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    7、事件传播

    <div id="abc_1" style="border:1px solid red;width:300px;height:300px;">
            <div id="abc_2" style="border:1px solid red;width:200px;height:200px;">
    
            </div>
    </div>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
            document.getElementById("abc_1").onclick=function(){
                alert('111');
            };
            document.getElementById("abc_2").onclick=function(event){
                alert('222');
            }
    </script>
    

    以上代码,div#abc_1是div#abc_2的父元素,两者分别都绑定了点击事件,当点击div#abc_2时,将会先触发alert("222")执行,再触发alert("111")执行。这就是事件传播。要想避免这种问题,就需要用事件对象eventstopPropagation()访求。

    代码修改如下,给事件函数传一个event参数,再调用event.stopPropagation()方法。

    <div id="abc_1" style="border:1px solid red;width:300px;height:300px;">
            <div id="abc_2" style="border:1px solid red;width:200px;height:200px;">
    
            </div>
    </div>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
            document.getElementById("abc_1").onclick=function(){
                alert('111');
            };
            document.getElementById("abc_2").onclick=function(event){
                alert('222');
                event.stopPropagation(); //阻止事件向外层div传播.
            }
    </script>
    

    再次点击子元素div#abc_2就不会再触发父元素div#abc_1的事件函数执行了。

    8、实例练习

    8.1 select移动

    将左边的框中选中的对象移动右边的框中。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <style>
            .outer{
                margin: 0 auto;
                background-color: darkgray;
                width: 80%;
                height: 600px;
                margin-top: 30px;
                word-spacing: -5px;
            }
            #left{
                display: inline-block;
                width: 100px ;
                height: 140px;
                background-color: wheat;
                text-align: center;
            }
            #choice{
                display: inline-block;
                height: 140px;
                background-color: darkolivegreen;
                vertical-align: top;
                padding:0 5px;
            }
            #choice button{
                margin-top: 20px;
            }
            #right{
                display: inline-block;
                width: 100px ;
                height: 140px;
                background-color: wheat;
                text-align: center;
                line-height: 140px;
    
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <div class="outer">
    
        <select multiple="multiple" size="5" id="left">
            <option>红楼梦</option>
            <option>西游记</option>
            <option>水浒传</option>
            <option>JinPingMei</option>
            <option>三国演义</option>
        </select>
    
        <span id="choice">
            <button id="choose_move"> > </button><br>
            <button id="all_move"> >> </button>
        </span>
    
        <select multiple="multiple" size="10" id="right">
            <option>放风筝的人</option>
        </select>
    
    </div>
    <script>
        var choose_move=document.getElementById("choose_move");
        var all_move=document.getElementById("all_move");
    
        var right=document.getElementById("right");
        var left=document.getElementById("left");
        var options=left.options;
        
        choose_move.onclick=function(){
            for (var i=0; i<options.length;i++){
                 var option=options[i];
                 if(option.selected==true){
                       right.appendChild(option);
                       i--;
                 }
             }
        };
    
        all_move.onclick=function(){
    
            for (var i=0; i<options.length;i++){
                 var option=options[i];
                   right.appendChild(option);
                   i--;
             }
        };
        
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    8.2 二级联动

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <select id="province">
        <option>请选择省:</option>
    </select>
    
    <select id="city">
        <option>请选择市:</option>
    </select>
    
    <script>
        data={"河北省":["廊坊","邯郸"],"北京":["朝阳区","海淀区"]};
        var p=document.getElementById("province");
        var c=document.getElementById("city");
    
        for(var i in data){
            var option_pro=document.createElement("option");
            option_pro.innerHTML=i;
            p.appendChild(option_pro);
        }
        p.onchange=function(){
            pro=(this.options[this.selectedIndex]).innerHTML;
            citys=data[pro];
            c.options.length=0;
    
            for (var j in citys){
                var option_city=document.createElement("option");
                option_city.innerHTML=citys[j];
                c.appendChild(option_city);
            }
        }
    </script>
    
    </body>
    </html>
    

    8.3 实现表格的正反选及全选

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <button>全选</button>
    <button>反选</button>
    <button>取消</button>
    <hr>
    <table border="1">
        <tr>
            <th>   </th>
            <th>姓名</th>
            <th>年龄</th>
            <th>性别</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><input type="checkbox"></td>
            <td>alex</td>
            <td>29</td>
            <td>男</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><input type="checkbox"></td>
            <td>yuan</td>
            <td>20</td>
            <td>女</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><input type="checkbox"></td>
            <td>egon</td>
            <td>30</td>
            <td>男</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><input type="checkbox"></td>
            <td>seven</td>
            <td>23</td>
            <td>男</td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    
    <script>
        var ele_buttons=document.getElementsByTagName('button');
        var ele_inps=document.getElementsByTagName('input');
        for (var i=0;i<ele_buttons.length;i++){
            ele_buttons[i].onclick=function () {
                switch (this.innerHTML) {
                    case '全选':
                        for (var j=0;j<ele_inps.length;j++){
                            ele_inps[j].checked=true;
                        }break;
                    case '取消':
                        for (var j=0;j<ele_inps.length;j++){
                            ele_inps[j].checked=false;
                        }break;
                    case '反选':
                        for (var j=0;j<ele_inps.length;j++){
                            if (ele_inps[j].checked){
                                ele_inps[j].checked=false;
                            }
                            else {
                               ele_inps[j].checked=true;
                            }
                        }break;
                }
            }
        }
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    8.4 搜索框实现

    需要用到以下两个事件:

    • onblur 元素失去焦点时触发
    • onfocus 元素获取焦点时触发
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <script>
            function Focus(){
                var input=document.getElementById("ID1");
                if (input.value=="请输入用户名"){
                    input.value="";
                }
            }
            
            function Blurs(){
                var ele=document.getElementById("ID1");
                var val=ele.value;
                if(!val.trim()){
                    ele.value="请输入用户名";
                }
            }
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <input id="ID1" type="text" value="请输入用户名" onblur="Blurs()" onfocus="Focus()">
    </body>
    </html>
    

    8.5 跑马灯及tab切换

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <title>tab</title>
      <style>
        *{margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none;}
        body{
            font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "\9ED1\4F53", Arial, sans-serif;
        }
        h3{
            text-align: center;
            color:darkcyan;
            margin-top: 30px;
            letter-spacing: 5px;
        }
        .box{
          width: 1000px;
          margin:50px auto 0px;
        }
        #title{
          line-height: 40px;
          background-color: rgb(247,247,247);
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: bold;
          color: rgb(102,102,102);
        }
        #title span{
          float: left;
          width: 166px;
          text-align: center;
        }
        #title span:hover{
          /*color: black;*/
          cursor: pointer;
        }
        #content{
          margin-top: 20px;
        }
        #content li{
          width: 1050px;
          display: none;
          background-color: rgb(247,247,247);
        }
        #content li div{
          width: 156px;
          margin-right: 14px;
          float: left;
          text-align: center;
        }
        #content li div a{
          font-size: 14px;
          color: black;
          line-height: 14px;
        /*  float: left;*/
        display: inline-block;
          margin-top: 10px;
        }
        #content li a:hover{
          color: #B70606;
        }
        #content li div span{
            font-size: 16px;
            line-height: 16px;
            /*float: left;*/
            display: block;
            color: rgb(102,102,102);
            margin-top: 10px;
          }
        #content img{
          float: left;
          width: 155px;
          height: 250px;
        }
        #title .select{
          background-color: #2459a2;
          color: white;
            border-radius: 10%;
        }
        #content .show{
          display: block;
        }
    
        .show span{
            color: red!important;
            font-size: 30px;
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <h3 id="wel">京东商城欢迎您</h3>
        <!--  direction="right up down left" -->
    <!--  behavior:滚动方式(包括3个值:scroll、slide、alternate) -->
    <!--  说明:scroll:循环滚动,默认效果;slide:只滚动一次就停止;alternate:来回交替进行滚动。 -->
    <!--  scrollamount="5" 滚动速度 -->
    
    <marquee behavior="alternate" direction="right">欢迎您苑昊先生</marquee>
        <script>
    
        function test(){
    
            var mywel = document.getElementById("wel");
            var content = mywel.innerText;
    
            var f_content = content.charAt(0);
            var l_content = content.substring(1,content.length);
    
            var new_content = l_content + f_content;
            mywel.innerText = new_content;
    
        }
    
        // setInterval("test();", 500);
    </script>
        <div class="box">
          <p id="title">
            <span class="select">家用电器</span>
            <span>家具</span>
            <span>汽车</span>
            <span>食品</span>
            <span>女鞋</span>
            <span>医疗保健</span>
          </p>
    
          <ul id="content">
            <li class="show">
    
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            </li>
    
            <li>
    
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            </li>
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