一.需求

• 大批量的app内测。
• 针对app审核难过包，可以考虑企业签名暂时代替appstore发布(网上资料说是有封开发者账号的风险)。

二.原理

• OTA:iOS4新加的一项技术，可以让开发者脱离AppStore，从指定的服务器下载安装应用。
• 以https://itms-services://?action=download-manifest&url=https://192.168.1.xxx/manifest.plist开头的链接，Safari会自动去读取manifest.plist中的信息，进行下载，安装等操作。

三.准备工作

• 三种开发者账号:

  • 个人账号:99$/appstore上架/设备上限100
  • 公司账号:99$/appstore上架/设备上限100
  • 企业账号:299$ /不能appstore上架/不限制设备(没有验证过)

• 打包模式:

  • App Store Deployment: 需要添加UUID/上架appstore
  • Ad Hoc Deployment: 需要添加UUID/内部测试/distribution证书
  • Enterprise Deployment: 不需要添加UUID/企业内部应用/企业证书
  • Development Deployment: 需要添加UUID/开发调试/developer证书

• ipa包:

  • 如果只是方便内部测试的分发，用个人/公司账号/发布到Ad Hoc Deployment/Development Deployment打出来的ipa
  • 如果是企业内部应用/绕开苹果审核而发布的应用，就必须用企业账号/发布到Enterprise Deployment打出来的ipa

• manifest.plist

• https协议服务器(iOS7.1以前的版本支持http协议)

四.实现

背景:在本机搭建https服务器的企业账号签名的应用分发

• ipa包

  • 申请企业账号(步骤省略)
  • 发布到Enterprise Deployment打包(步骤省略)

• 搭建本机服务器

  Mac OS X自带Apache服务，其站点默认根目录是/Library/WebServer/Documents/；
  默认根目录可以修改，打开/etc/apache2/httpd.conf，搜索DocumentRoot:/Library/WebServer/Documents换成自定义的路径:

  /*/Library/WebServer/Documents  换成自定义的路径*/
  DocumentRoot  "/Library/WebServer/Documents"
  <Directory "/Library/WebServer/Documents">
  # Possible values for the Options directive are      "None", "All",
  .省略
  .省略
  .省略
  # or any combination of:
  Require all granted
  </Directory>
  

  • 启动Apache:

    sudo apachectl start
    

  • 测试Apache:safari输入http://127.0.0.1/,如果出现It Works!，则成功启动

• 开启https服务

  • 生成ssl证书
    • 进入相应文件夹 cd /etc/apache2/
    • 生成私钥:sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out app.key 1024
    • 生成签署申请:sudo openssl req -new -key app.key -out app.csr
    • 生成服务器私钥:sudo openssl rsa -in app.key -out server.key
    • 生成给网站服务器签署的证书:sudo openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key server.key -out server.crt
    • 终端命令:

      skylinedeMacBook-Air:apache2 skyline$ cd /etc/apache2/
      skylinedeMacBook-Air:apache2 skyline$ sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out app.key 1024
      Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long  modulus
      ..........++++++
      ...............++++++
      e is 65537 (0x10001)
      Enter pass phrase for app.key://输入密码
      Verifying - Enter pass phrase for app.key://验证密码
      skylinedeMacBook-Air:apache2 skyline$ sudo     openssl req -new -key app.key -out app.csr
      Enter pass phrase for app.key://输入密码(同上)
      You are about to be asked to enter information that   will be incorporated
      into your certificate request.
      What you are about to enter is what is called a  Distinguished Name or a DN.
      There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
      For some fields there will be a default value,
      If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
      -----
      Country Name (2 letter code) []:CN//中国简称CN
      State or Province Name (full name) []:GD//省
      Locality Name (eg, city) []:SZ//市
      Organization Name (eg, company) []:company//组织/公司
      Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)   []:company.ltd//组织
      Common Name (eg, fully qualified host name)   []:192.168.1.1xx//本机IP
      Email Address []:xxxxxxxx@qq.com//邮箱
      
      Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
      to be sent with your certificate request
      A challenge password []:123456
      skylinedeMacBook-Air:apache2 skyline$ sudo   openssl rsa -in app.key -out server.key
      Enter pass phrase for app.key:
      writing RSA key
      skylinedeMacBook-Air:apache2 skyline$ sudo  openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key server.key - out server.crt
      You are about to be asked to enter information  that will be incorporated
      into your certificate request.
      What you are about to enter is what is called a    Distinguished Name or a DN.
      There are quite a few fields but you can leave  some blank
      For some fields there will be a default value,
      If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
      -----
      Country Name (2 letter code) []:CN//国家
      State or Province Name (full name) []:GD//省
      Locality Name (eg, city) []:SZ//市
      Organization Name (eg, company) []:company//组织
      Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)      []:company.lct组织
      Common Name (eg, fully qualified host name)  []:192.168.1.1xx//本机IP
      Email Address []:xxxxxxxx@qq.com//邮箱
      skylinedeMacBook-Air:apache2 skyline$ sudo   apachectl configtest
      Syntax OK
      skylinedeMacBook-Air:apache2 skyline$ sudo   apachectl
      

• 开启ssl功能

  • 文本打开/etc/apache2/httpd.conf,去掉下面五行的#(/etc/apache2/xxx等同于/private/etc/apache2/xxx):

    #LoadModule ssl_module libexec/apache2/mod_ssl.so
    #Include /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
    #Include /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
    #LoadModule socache_shmcb_module  libexec/apache2/mod_socache_shmcb.so
    #ServerName www.example.com:80
    

  • 文本打开/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf,去掉下面两行的#(server.crt/server.key的路径可能不在httpd-ssl.conf默认的路径/etc/apache2/ssl/下，要么修改默认路径，要么server.crt/server.key拷贝到默认路径下):

    #SSLCertificateFile "/etc/apache2/server.crt"
    #SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/apache2/server.key
    

  • 文本打开/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf，在末尾添加:

    <VirtualHost *:443> 
    SSLEngine on 
    SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
    SSLCertificateFile /private/etc/apache2/server.crt //注意与httpd-ssl.conf的路径统一
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /private/etc/apache2/server.key //注意与httpd-ssl.conf的路径统一
    ServerName 192.168.1.1xx //本机IP
    DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents" //本地站点默认目录
    </VirtualHost>```
    

  • 测试/重启apache

    sudo apachectl configtest
    sudo apachectl restart
    

• 编辑manifest.plist文件

  • 模版如下，直接在上边更改成应用对应参数

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST    1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList- 1.0.dtd">
    <plist version="1.0">
     <dict>
     <key>items</key>
      <array>
       <dict>
           <key>assets</key>
           <array>
               <dict>
                   <key>kind</key>
                   <string>software-package</string>
                   <key>url</key>
                   <string>https://192.168.1.xxx/tlsc.ipa</string>
               </dict>
               <dict>
                   <key>kind</key>
                   <string>display-image</string>
                   <key>url</key>
                   <string>https://192.168.1.xxx/AppIcon57x57.png</string>
               </dict>
               <dict>
                   <key>kind</key>
                   <string>full-size-image</string>
                   <key>url</key>
                   <string>https://192.168.1.xxx/AppIcon512x512.png</string>
               </dict>
            </array>
       <key>metadata</key>
           <dict>
               <key>bundle-identifier</key>
               <string>com.tlsc.shacheng</string>
               <key>bundle-version</key>
               <string>1.1.1</string>
               <key>kind</key>
               <string>software</string>
               <key>releaseNotes</key>
               <string>1.1.1版本发布</string>
               <key>title</key>
               <string>应用分发测试app</string>
           </dict>
        </dict>
      </array>
     </dict>
    </plist>
    

• 站点根目录/Library/WebServer/Documents需要的文件

  • ipa包
  • manifest.plist
  • 57x57/512x512的logo
  • 前面生成的app.key/app.csr
  • index.html，模版如下:

    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://      www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
        <head>
            <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
            <title>本机https服务应用分发</title>
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1 style="font-size:40pt">应用分发<h1/>
                    <h1 style="font-size:40pt">
                    <a title="iPhone" href="https://192.168.1.100/server.crt">ssl证书安装.      </a>
                    <h1/>
           
                    <h1 style="font-size:40pt">
                    <a href="itms-services://?action=download-manifest&url=https://192.168.1.100/manifest.plist">安装App</a>
                    <h1/>
                    <h1/>
         </body>
    </html>
    

• 测试验证

  • safari输入https://192.168.1.xxx，结果如下:
    000.png
  • 先安装ssl证书
  • 再安装app

五.问题及解决

• 无法连接到192.168.1.xxx，可能原因如下:
  • index.html中获取manifest.plist的地址不对
  • manifest.plist中设置的ipa的地址不对
  • 没有下载SSL证书，下载安装(设置->通用->描述文件与设备管理)查看
  • 信任根证书，设置->通用->关于手机->证书信任设置->信任证书
• 无法安装应用，可能原因如下:
  • ipa本身存在问题，无法安装到手机上，可先用越狱手机或itools之类的软件测试是否能正确安装
  • manifest.plist里面的bundleID与ipa的bundleID不一致
  • 手机储蓄空间不足
• 修改了相关的地方，问题还是解决不了:
  • 浏览器会有缓存，多退出几次，或者直接把修改的文件改名，让浏览器重新指向新命名的文件。

六.WKwebView访问https不成功

• https服务没开，按照第四条，第3点，开启https服务
• https服务开了:
  • 在info.plist文件中设置Allow Arbitrary Loads in Web Content 置为 YES（或者NSAllowsArbitraryLoads=YES）
  • 实现WKWebView的代理 WKNavigationDelegate方法:

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable credential))completionHandler
{  
if ([challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod isEqualToString:NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust])
 {  
NSURLCredential *card = [[NSURLCredential alloc]initWithTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];  completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential,card); 
 }
}