OverView
- A view group that allows the view hierarchy placed within it to be scrolled.
- Scroll view may have only one direct child placed within it.
- To add multiple views within the scroll view, make the direct child you add a view group, for example {@link LinearLayout}, and place additional views within that LinearLayout.
从上面官网的描述中可以看到，ScrollView是一个只能有1个直接子View的可滑动的ViewGroup
ScrollView只能纵向滑动，如果需要横向滑动则使用HorizontalScrollView，两者实现原理一致
其继承层次为：
public class ScrollView extends FrameLayout
可以看到ScrollView继承自FrameLayout
构造函数
public ScrollView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);
initScrollView();
final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(
attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.ScrollView, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);
setFillViewport(a.getBoolean(R.styleable.ScrollView_fillViewport, false));
a.recycle();
if (context.getResources().getConfiguration().uiMode == Configuration.UI_MODE_TYPE_WATCH) {
setRevealOnFocusHint(false);
}
}
构造函数中只对1个属性：fillViewport进行了提取，这个属性的作用是，如果被设置成true，ScrollView的子View将充满视图
绘制相关
- onMeasure()
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
if (!mFillViewport) {
return;
}
final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
return;
}
if (getChildCount() > 0) {
final View child = getChildAt(0);
final int widthPadding;
final int heightPadding;
final int targetSdkVersion = getContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion;
final FrameLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
if (targetSdkVersion >= VERSION_CODES.M) {
widthPadding = mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
heightPadding = mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin;
} else {
widthPadding = mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight;
heightPadding = mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;
}
final int desiredHeight = getMeasuredHeight() - heightPadding;
if (child.getMeasuredHeight() < desiredHeight) {
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(
widthMeasureSpec, widthPadding, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
desiredHeight, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}
ScrollView的onMeasure()函数，先调用了父类的super.onMeasure()，随后如果mFillViewport属性为false，实际上函数就结束，也就是说在mFillViewport为false的情况下，ScrollView在测量截断是没有额外工作的；如果mFillViewport为true，就会调用一次child的measure()方法来重新测量大小以达到充满视图的效果
- onLayout()
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
super.onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
mIsLayoutDirty = false;
// Give a child focus if it needs it
if (mChildToScrollTo != null && isViewDescendantOf(mChildToScrollTo, this)) {
scrollToChild(mChildToScrollTo);
}
mChildToScrollTo = null;
if (!isLaidOut()) {
if (mSavedState != null) {
mScrollY = mSavedState.scrollPosition;
mSavedState = null;
} // mScrollY default value is "0"
final int childHeight = (getChildCount() > 0) ? getChildAt(0).getMeasuredHeight() : 0;
final int scrollRange = Math.max(0,
childHeight - (b - t - mPaddingBottom - mPaddingTop));
// Don't forget to clamp
if (mScrollY > scrollRange) {
mScrollY = scrollRange;
} else if (mScrollY < 0) {
mScrollY = 0;
}
}
// Calling this with the present values causes it to re-claim them
scrollTo(mScrollX, mScrollY);
}
ScrollView的onLayout()过程也是先调用了父类的onLayout()，随后会判断是否需要滑动到子View的位置；最后一行scrollTo(mScrollX, mScrollY)将滑动到对应的位置。中间的isLaidOut()是View里面的方法，用于判断该View是否已经被添加到window上。
- draw()
@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
super.draw(canvas);
if (mEdgeGlowTop != null) {
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
final boolean clipToPadding = getClipToPadding();
if (!mEdgeGlowTop.isFinished()) {
final int restoreCount = canvas.save();
final int width;
final int height;
final float translateX;
final float translateY;
if (clipToPadding) {
width = getWidth() - mPaddingLeft - mPaddingRight;
height = getHeight() - mPaddingTop - mPaddingBottom;
translateX = mPaddingLeft;
translateY = mPaddingTop;
} else {
width = getWidth();
height = getHeight();
translateX = 0;
translateY = 0;
}
canvas.translate(translateX, Math.min(0, scrollY) + translateY);
mEdgeGlowTop.setSize(width, height);
if (mEdgeGlowTop.draw(canvas)) {
postInvalidateOnAnimation();
}
canvas.restoreToCount(restoreCount);
}
if (!mEdgeGlowBottom.isFinished()) {
final int restoreCount = canvas.save();
final int width;
final int height;
final float translateX;
final float translateY;
if (clipToPadding) {
width = getWidth() - mPaddingLeft - mPaddingRight;
height = getHeight() - mPaddingTop - mPaddingBottom;
translateX = mPaddingLeft;
translateY = mPaddingTop;
} else {
width = getWidth();
height = getHeight();
translateX = 0;
translateY = 0;
}
canvas.translate(-width + translateX,
Math.max(getScrollRange(), scrollY) + height + translateY);
canvas.rotate(180, width, 0);
mEdgeGlowBottom.setSize(width, height);
if (mEdgeGlowBottom.draw(canvas)) {
postInvalidateOnAnimation();
}
canvas.restoreToCount(restoreCount);
}
}
}
在draw()阶段涉及到的变量主要是mEdgeGlowTop和mEdgeGlowBottom，这两个变量的类型是EdgeEffect，用于控制边缘的阴影效果，ScrollView的draw()阶段主要工作是绘制了上下阴影
事件相关
作为一个ViewGroup的子类，ScrollView与事件相关的有dispatchTouchEvent()/onInterceptTouchEvent()/onTouchEvent()这3个处理函数，其中ScrollView没有重写dispatchTouchEvent()，因此主要来关注下onInterceptTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()这两个函数做了什么
- onInterceptTouchEvent()
@Override
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
/*
* This method JUST determines whether we want to intercept the motion.
* If we return true, onMotionEvent will be called and we do the actual
* scrolling there.
*/
// 移动事件并且处于拖拽过程，这种状况肯定拦截
final int action = ev.getAction();
if ((action == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) && (mIsBeingDragged)) {
return true;
}
if (super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {
return true;
}
// 如果没有滑动空间，则肯定不拦截
if (getScrollY() == 0 && !canScrollVertically(1)) {
return false;
}
switch (action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
// 走到这里，证明是移动事件，但还不是拖拽过程，需要检测用户是否移动了足够远
final int activePointerId = mActivePointerId;
if (activePointerId == INVALID_POINTER) {
break;
}
final int pointerIndex = ev.findPointerIndex(activePointerId);
if (pointerIndex == -1) {
Log.e(TAG, "Invalid pointerId=" + activePointerId
+ " in onInterceptTouchEvent");
break;
}
// 下面几行是用这一次事件的y和上次的y来进行差值，看是否大于最小滑动距离，是的话就需要标记拖拽状态为true并且进行一系列的
final int y = (int) ev.getY(pointerIndex);
final int yDiff = Math.abs(y - mLastMotionY);
if (yDiff > mTouchSlop && (getNestedScrollAxes() & SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL) == 0) {
mIsBeingDragged = true;
mLastMotionY = y;
initVelocityTrackerIfNotExists();
mVelocityTracker.addMovement(ev);
mNestedYOffset = 0;
if (mScrollStrictSpan == null) {
mScrollStrictSpan = StrictMode.enterCriticalSpan("ScrollView-scroll");
}
final ViewParent parent = getParent();
if (parent != null) {
parent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true);
}
}
break;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {
final int y = (int) ev.getY();
// 这个语句块证明触摸点不在子View内，将拖拽状态置为false
if (!inChild((int) ev.getX(), (int) y)) {
mIsBeingDragged = false;
recycleVelocityTracker();
break;
}
// 记录下当前按下的位置
mLastMotionY = y;
mActivePointerId = ev.getPointerId(0);
initOrResetVelocityTracker();
mVelocityTracker.addMovement(ev);
/*
* If being flinged and user touches the screen, initiate drag;
* otherwise don't. mScroller.isFinished should be false when
* being flinged. We need to call computeScrollOffset() first so that
* isFinished() is correct.
*/
mScroller.computeScrollOffset();
mIsBeingDragged = !mScroller.isFinished();
if (mIsBeingDragged && mScrollStrictSpan == null) {
mScrollStrictSpan = StrictMode.enterCriticalSpan("ScrollView-scroll");
}
startNestedScroll(SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL);
break;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
// 抬起动作，重置拖拽状态为false
mIsBeingDragged = false;
mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER;
recycleVelocityTracker();
if (mScroller.springBack(mScrollX, mScrollY, 0, 0, 0, getScrollRange())) {
postInvalidateOnAnimation();
}
stopNestedScroll();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:
onSecondaryPointerUp(ev);
break;
}
return mIsBeingDragged;
}
由官方注释可以看出，onInterceptTouchEvent()只是决定是否拦截事件，而并不处理触摸逻辑。
- onTouchEvent()
ScrollView的onTouchEvent()源码结构是这样的：
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
initVelocityTrackerIfNotExists();
MotionEvent vtev = MotionEvent.obtain(ev);
final int actionMasked = ev.getActionMasked();
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
mNestedYOffset = 0;
}
vtev.offsetLocation(0, mNestedYOffset);
switch (actionMasked) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {
// ……
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
// ……
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
// ……
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
// ……
case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: {
// ……
case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:
// ……
}
if (mVelocityTracker != null) {
mVelocityTracker.addMovement(vtev);
}
vtev.recycle();
return true;
}
首先会初始化VelocityTracker，这个类的作用是追踪触摸事件的加速度；最后会调用其addMovement()函数，中间部分是对各个动作的具体处理，下面看下各个动作都会怎样处理：
- ACTION_DOWN
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {
if (getChildCount() == 0) {
return false;
}
if ((mIsBeingDragged = !mScroller.isFinished())) {
final ViewParent parent = getParent();
if (parent != null) {
parent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true);
}
}
/*
* mScroller.isFinished()如果为false，证明处于拖拽或者fling状态
* 这时候需要把之前的滑动停下来
*/
if (!mScroller.isFinished()) {
mScroller.abortAnimation();
if (mFlingStrictSpan != null) {
mFlingStrictSpan.finish();
mFlingStrictSpan = null;
}
}
// 记录下按下的点
mLastMotionY = (int) ev.getY();
mActivePointerId = ev.getPointerId(0);
startNestedScroll(SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL);
break;
}
- ACTION_MOVE
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
final int activePointerIndex = ev.findPointerIndex(mActivePointerId);
if (activePointerIndex == -1) {
Log.e(TAG, "Invalid pointerId=" + mActivePointerId + " in onTouchEvent");
break;
}
final int y = (int) ev.getY(activePointerIndex);
int deltaY = mLastMotionY - y;
if (dispatchNestedPreScroll(0, deltaY, mScrollConsumed, mScrollOffset)) {
deltaY -= mScrollConsumed[1];
vtev.offsetLocation(0, mScrollOffset[1]);
mNestedYOffset += mScrollOffset[1];
}
// 如果还没有处在拖拽状态并且滑动距离大于最小滑动距离
if (!mIsBeingDragged && Math.abs(deltaY) > mTouchSlop) {
final ViewParent parent = getParent();
if (parent != null) {
parent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true);
}
mIsBeingDragged = true;
if (deltaY > 0) {
deltaY -= mTouchSlop;
} else {
deltaY += mTouchSlop;
}
}
// 如果已经处于拖拽状态
if (mIsBeingDragged) {
// Scroll to follow the motion event
mLastMotionY = y - mScrollOffset[1];
final int oldY = mScrollY;
final int range = getScrollRange();
final int overscrollMode = getOverScrollMode();
boolean canOverscroll = overscrollMode == OVER_SCROLL_ALWAYS ||
(overscrollMode == OVER_SCROLL_IF_CONTENT_SCROLLS && range > 0);
// 这里是真正处理滑动时间的方法，overScrollBy()
if (overScrollBy(0, deltaY, 0, mScrollY, 0, range, 0, mOverscrollDistance, true)
&& !hasNestedScrollingParent()) {
// Break our velocity if we hit a scroll barrier.
mVelocityTracker.clear();
}
final int scrolledDeltaY = mScrollY - oldY;
final int unconsumedY = deltaY - scrolledDeltaY;
// 这里是处理NestedScroll
if (dispatchNestedScroll(0, scrolledDeltaY, 0, unconsumedY, mScrollOffset)) {
mLastMotionY -= mScrollOffset[1];
vtev.offsetLocation(0, mScrollOffset[1]);
mNestedYOffset += mScrollOffset[1];
} else if (canOverscroll) {
// 这里面的逻辑是和边缘阴影的处理有关
final int pulledToY = oldY + deltaY;
if (pulledToY < 0) {
mEdgeGlowTop.onPull((float) deltaY / getHeight(),
ev.getX(activePointerIndex) / getWidth());
if (!mEdgeGlowBottom.isFinished()) {
mEdgeGlowBottom.onRelease();
}
} else if (pulledToY > range) {
mEdgeGlowBottom.onPull((float) deltaY / getHeight(),
1.f - ev.getX(activePointerIndex) / getWidth());
if (!mEdgeGlowTop.isFinished()) {
mEdgeGlowTop.onRelease();
}
}
if (mEdgeGlowTop != null
&& (!mEdgeGlowTop.isFinished() || !mEdgeGlowBottom.isFinished())) {
postInvalidateOnAnimation();
}
}
}
break;
在ACTION_MOVE事件中需要关注的是，会调用View的overScrollBy()方法来真正处理触摸事件，overScrollBy()方法实现如下：
protected boolean overScrollBy(int deltaX, int deltaY,
int scrollX, int scrollY,
int scrollRangeX, int scrollRangeY,
int maxOverScrollX, int maxOverScrollY,
boolean isTouchEvent) {
final int overScrollMode = mOverScrollMode;
final boolean canScrollHorizontal =
computeHorizontalScrollRange() > computeHorizontalScrollExtent();
final boolean canScrollVertical =
computeVerticalScrollRange() > computeVerticalScrollExtent();
final boolean overScrollHorizontal = overScrollMode == OVER_SCROLL_ALWAYS ||
(overScrollMode == OVER_SCROLL_IF_CONTENT_SCROLLS && canScrollHorizontal);
final boolean overScrollVertical = overScrollMode == OVER_SCROLL_ALWAYS ||
(overScrollMode == OVER_SCROLL_IF_CONTENT_SCROLLS && canScrollVertical);
int newScrollX = scrollX + deltaX;
if (!overScrollHorizontal) {
maxOverScrollX = 0;
}
int newScrollY = scrollY + deltaY;
if (!overScrollVertical) {
maxOverScrollY = 0;
}
// Clamp values if at the limits and record
final int left = -maxOverScrollX;
final int right = maxOverScrollX + scrollRangeX;
final int top = -maxOverScrollY;
final int bottom = maxOverScrollY + scrollRangeY;
boolean clampedX = false;
if (newScrollX > right) {
newScrollX = right;
clampedX = true;
} else if (newScrollX < left) {
newScrollX = left;
clampedX = true;
}
boolean clampedY = false;
if (newScrollY > bottom) {
newScrollY = bottom;
clampedY = true;
} else if (newScrollY < top) {
newScrollY = top;
clampedY = true;
}
onOverScrolled(newScrollX, newScrollY, clampedX, clampedY);
return clampedX || clampedY;
}
主要的流程就是根据传入的各个滑动参数，以及View本身与滑动相关的属性，计算出newScrollX/newScrollY等参数，然后调用onOverScrolled()方法来进行实际的滑动处理
onOverScrolled()方法在View中是空实现，因此具体的实现在ScrollView中：
@Override
protected void onOverScrolled(int scrollX, int scrollY,
boolean clampedX, boolean clampedY) {
// Treat animating scrolls differently; see #computeScroll() for why.
if (!mScroller.isFinished()) {
final int oldX = mScrollX;
final int oldY = mScrollY;
mScrollX = scrollX;
mScrollY = scrollY;
invalidateParentIfNeeded();
onScrollChanged(mScrollX, mScrollY, oldX, oldY);
if (clampedY) {
mScroller.springBack(mScrollX, mScrollY, 0, 0, 0, getScrollRange());
}
} else {
super.scrollTo(scrollX, scrollY);
}
awakenScrollBars();
}
有两条分支，mScroller.isFinished()为false证明上次的滑动还没有结束，这时需要计算出新的滑动位置进行滑动；如果此时不在滑动，则调用View的scrollTo()方法滑动到对应位置；最后一行awakenScrollBars()作用是让ScrollBar显示出来
- ACTION_UP
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
if (mIsBeingDragged) {
final VelocityTracker velocityTracker = mVelocityTracker;
velocityTracker.computeCurrentVelocity(1000, mMaximumVelocity);
int initialVelocity = (int) velocityTracker.getYVelocity(mActivePointerId);
if ((Math.abs(initialVelocity) > mMinimumVelocity)) {
flingWithNestedDispatch(-initialVelocity);
} else if (mScroller.springBack(mScrollX, mScrollY, 0, 0, 0,
getScrollRange())) {
postInvalidateOnAnimation();
}
mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER;
endDrag();
}
break;
当手指抬起时，ScrollView的操作很简单，先判断是否处于滑动状态，如果不是就什么都不用干；如果是的话，需要让滑动继续惯性向前滑一段，这里借助了VelocityTracker和Scroller来实现。
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