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一篇文章带你搞定 springsecurity 基于数据库的认证

一篇文章带你搞定 springsecurity 基于数据库的认证

作者: AI乔治 | 来源:发表于2020-10-06 16:51 被阅读0次

    一、前期配置

    1. 加入依赖

    <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.10</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <version>5.1.27</version>
            </dependency>
    
    

    这里选定的 mysql-connector-java 连接版本是 5.1.27,对应的 application.properties 为:

    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yolo
    spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    spring.datasource.username=root
    spring.datasource.password=root
    
    

    如果是 8.0以上版本则 application.properties 需要对于 spring.datasource.url 需要加入 serverTimezone

    spring.datasource.username=root
    spring.datasource.password=root
    spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/security?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
    
    

    2. 数据库脚本

    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Table structure for role
    -- ----------------------------
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
    CREATE TABLE `role` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      `nameZh` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Records of role
    -- ----------------------------
    INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('1', 'dba', '数据库管理员');
    INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('2', 'admin', '系统管理员');
    INSERT INTO `role` VALUES ('3', 'user', '用户');
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Table structure for user
    -- ----------------------------
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
    CREATE TABLE `user` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `username` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      `password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
      `enabled` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
      `locked` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Records of user
    -- ----------------------------
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'root', '$2a$10$RMuFXGQ5AtH4wOvkUqyvuecpqUSeoxZYqilXzbz50dceRsga.WYiq', '1', '0');
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'admin', '$2a$10$RMuFXGQ5AtH4wOvkUqyvuecpqUSeoxZYqilXzbz50dceRsga.WYiq', '1', '0');
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('3', 'sang', '$2a$10$RMuFXGQ5AtH4wOvkUqyvuecpqUSeoxZYqilXzbz50dceRsga.WYiq', '1', '0');
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Table structure for user_role
    -- ----------------------------
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
    CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `uid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
      `rid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- Records of user_role
    -- ----------------------------
    INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('1', '1', '1');
    INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('2', '1', '2');
    INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('3', '2', '2');
    INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES ('4', '3', '3');
    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;
    
    

    二、定义实体类

    1. 定义 User

    <mark style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 64); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word;">实体类 User 需要实现 UserDetails 接口,因为每个人都可以定义 User 对象,但是每个人定义的 User对象不一样,这就造成每个人设置的属性不一样,当系统需要判定用户的登录状态时,因为用户名和密码的名称设置的五花八门,造成无法确定调用哪个</mark>

    所以这里要求所有的实体类实现 UserDetails 接口,它就相当于一个规范定义了登录验证时需要的属性名称,所以的实体类都要符合这个规范。

    public class User implements UserDetails {
        private Integer id;
        private String username;
        private String password;
        private Boolean enabled;
        private Boolean locked;
        private List<Role> roles;
        public List<Role> getRoles() {
            return roles;
        }
        public void setRoles(List<Role> roles) {
            this.roles = roles;
        }
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        @Override
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
            return true;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
            return !locked;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
            return true;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean isEnabled() {
            return enabled;
        }
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
        @Override
        public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
            List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
            for (Role role : roles) {
                authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_"+role.getName()));
            }
            return authorities;
        }
        @Override
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
        public void setEnabled(Boolean enabled) {
            this.enabled = enabled;
        }
        public void setLocked(Boolean locked) {
            this.locked = locked;
        }
    }
    
    

    (1) accountNonExpired、accountNonLocked、credentialsNonExpired、enabled 这四个属性分别用来描述用户的状态,表示账户是否没有过期、账户是否没有被锁定、密码是否没有过期、以及账户是否可用。
    (2)roles 属性表示用户的角色,User 和 Role 是多对多关系,用一个 @ManyToMany 注解来描述。
    (3)getAuthorities 方法返回用户的角色信息,我们在这个方法中把自己的 Role 稍微转化一下即可。

    (1)这个集合是返回用户的所有角色,因为从数据库得到是 roles,但是需要的是一个集合形式的 getAuthorities,所以需要对其进行处理。

        @Override
        public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
            List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
            for (Role role : roles) {
                authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_"+role.getName()));
            }
            return authorities;
        }
    
    

    <mark style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 64); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); overflow-wrap: break-word;">这里注意springsecurity 角色的认证有一个要求,必须是以 ROLE_ 开始的</mark>,否则会出现问题:

     authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_"+role.getName()));
    
    

    当然也可以在数据中添加用户时,就让用户以 ROLE_ 开始,这样就不用二次添加了

    (2)另外需要注意这里的 isAccountNonLocked(),账户是否没有被锁定,数据库中存储的是:

    所以这里是对 locked 取的反

        @Override
        public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
            return !locked;
        }
    
    

    2. 定义 Role

    public class Role {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private String nameZh;
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getNameZh() {
            return nameZh;
        }
    
        public void setNameZh(String nameZh) {
            this.nameZh = nameZh;
        }
    }
    
    

    三、定义 Service

    @Service
    public class UserService implements UserDetailsService {
        @Autowired
        UserMapper userMapper;
    
        @Override
        public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
            User user = userMapper.loadUserByUsername(username);
            if (user == null) {
                throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户不存在!");
            }
            user.setRoles(userMapper.getUserRolesById(user.getId()));
            return user;
        }
    }
    
    

    我们自己定义的 UserService 需要实现 UserDetailsService 接口,实现该接口,就要实现接口中的方法,也就是 loadUserByUsername ,这个方法的参数就是用户在登录的时候传入的用户名,根据用户名去查询用户信息(查出来之后,系统会自动进行密码比对)。

    四、定义 Mapper

    1. UserMapper

    @Mapper
    public interface UserMapper {
        User loadUserByUsername(String username);
    
        List<Role> getUserRolesById(Integer id);
    }
    
    

    2. UserMapper.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="org.javaboy.securitydb.mapper.UserMapper">
        <select id="loadUserByUsername" resultType="org.yolo.securitymybatis.bean.User">
            select * from user where username=#{username}
        </select>
    
        <select id="getUserRolesById" resultType="org.yolo.securitymybatis.bean.Role">
            select * from role where id in (select rid from user_role where uid=#{id})
        </select>
    </mapper>
    
    

    Mapper 的位置:

    所以需要为其添加资源路径:资源配置路径添加到 pom 文件中

    <resources>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    </includes>
                </resource>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                </resource>
    </resources>
    
    

    五、定义 SecurityConfig

    @Configuration
    public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
        @Autowired
        UserService userService;
    
        @Override
        protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
            auth.userDetailsService(userService);
        }
    
        @Bean
        PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
            return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        }
        @Bean
        RoleHierarchy roleHierarchy() {
            RoleHierarchyImpl roleHierarchy = new RoleHierarchyImpl();
            String hierarchy = "ROLE_dba > ROLE_admin \n ROLE_admin > ROLE_user";
            roleHierarchy.setHierarchy(hierarchy);
            return roleHierarchy;
        }
        @Override
        protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.authorizeRequests()
                    .antMatchers("/dba/**").hasRole("dba")
                    .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
                    .antMatchers("/user/**").hasRole("user")
                    .anyRequest().authenticated()
                    .and()
                    .formLogin()
                    .permitAll()
                    .and()
                    .csrf().disable();
        }
    }
    
    

    测试访问:成功

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