（大家不要忘记关注AndyZ 老师哦! 点击上方头像进入主页关注，欢迎分享文章，同时也可阅读已发布的其他文章。如果留言咨询国际教育和学习、职场发展和员工管理以及招聘方面的任何问题，没准下次推文你就能得到答案！）
“学习金字塔”是美国的国家训练实验室(美国最值得尊敬的培训机构在许多领域都颇有建树）研究成果，它用数字形式形象显示了：采用不同的学习方式，学习者在两周以后还能记住信息内容（平均学习保持率）的比例，它是一种现代学习方式的理论。最早它是由美国学者、著名的学习专家爱德加·戴尔1946年发现并提出的。后来他的理论在全球各地被多位著名教育学家在教育改革演讲时提及并提到如何利用“学习金字塔”。
“学习金字塔”分为被动学习(“听讲”、“阅读”、“听声音、看图片”和“示范”), 当然这种我学习方式我就不多说了，毕竟已经讲过无数次了，然后也有主动学习(“小组讨论”、“实际演练”和“教授给别人”）。
在这篇文章我们主要想聊的就是最后一个，教授给别人。著名的杭州教育学者，薛松宝对于“教授给别人”这点给出了他的个人观点，“做报告，给别人讲 - 两周后保持率为90%（满足“学习金字塔”的最后一层），”他借用了中国的比喻‘兵’教‘兵’，可以最大限度、最直接地暴露出学生在学习中存在的问题以及练习中的错误，发现了问题之后，教师引导学生讨论，先学会的学生教不会的学生，完全理解的教那些领悟能力比较差的学生，教师只作评定、补充、更正....‘兵’教‘兵’不但可以解决学困生的问题，还促进了优秀学生自身的提高”看完薛老师的解释，AndyZ老师再给大家讲的更深奥一点怎么样呢? “教授给别人”最初是由语言专家Jean-Pol Martin普及化的，这个专业简称叫做LdL，源于德语，也就是从教别人的过程中中学习的含义。Martin教授在高校的课堂上直接让学生授课，而跟薛老师不一样的就是不仅仅让学生在台上做报告，更多的使用互动性更强的方式比如小组讨论和头脑风暴环节，而他的作用就是质量把关以及如果信息不够清晰才介入进来。 Marin教授也很完美地结合了另外两种主动学习方式 - 小组讨论和实际演练。不过，我不得不承认这种教育模式需要很完善的设计才能引进到课堂中，我还记得为中国南方的某所高中在构建他们整个国际教育体系时花了大量的时间把这种模式在两个小班试运营。毫无疑问的就是，Martin的教学法在很多家喻户晓的高等学府的教育学项目成为了被研究的对象以及经典案例。
还有一件事情我不得不提，我之前也采访过很多顶尖的教师和国际教育负责人，甚至美国领事馆的教育部的工作人员，问过他们认为哪所学校在美国拥有比较领先的教育体系，Sudbury (萨德伯里) 山谷学校是答案里常常出现的一个。如果你还不知道的话，这所学校自从1968年就开始允许不同年龄阶段的孩子在学习上互相交流，这种方式导致很多授课时间是由学生自己本身来进行并由老师负责把关的，它的成功模式已经复制到全球十几个国家，更重要的就是超过9成的毕业生反映这种教学方法让他们在学生时代能比其他学校的小伙伴更轻松掌握该学的内容。
好啦好啦，已经给你们足够的专业解释了，让AndyZ老师换回人话再跟大家聊一聊！我意思不是说让孩子们都去报名一个Sudbury或类似的Montessori学校，毕竟我从我的学校客户那边看得出来国内顶尖的国际教育整体的质量还是不断地在上升。反而，我更多是希望学生们能把这个“教授给别人”概念应用到日常学习当中，既然有那么多科学证明和实际的案例验证它的可操作性，以及这种学习方式本来就比传统低效率的死记硬背更管用更有趣，为什么不尝试呢?
如果读到这里，你什么都忘记了，你只需要记住一点，最好的学习方法就是教授给他人, 你能把别人教会，就说明自己也精通了该内容，还不去做的话就太丢AndyZ老师的脸啦！
——————————以下为Andy老师英文原稿——————————
The Learning Pyramid was originally created by the National Training Laboratories based in Maine, which is one of the most revered and respected training institutes in America and set benchmarks in many areas. The Pyramid covers different learning styles, and for each style it covers the proportion of which the learner will be able to retain information, and renowned as a modern learning model. The person credited for creating the Learning Pyramid is Edgar Dale, whose concept is then mentioned by numerous well-known educators globally during education reform speeches on how to utilize the Learning Pyramid.
The Learning Pyramid is split into section sections: Passive (Lectures, Reading, Audio Visual and Demonstration), and of course that’s not something I’m going to bother delving into since I’ve bashed on this countless on times. The other section is Active Learning (“Group Discussion”, “Practice by Doing” and “Teaching Others”)
For the purposes of this article, we are mainly going to be discussing the latter, “teaching others”. One of the leading educators in Hangzhou, China, Mr. Xue Songbao, proposed making reports and then conveying them to others, which has a 90% successful retention rate after 2 weeks to satisfy the last tier of the learning pyramid. To borrow a Chinese metaphor he used, it can be referred to as “pawns teaching pawns” (foot soldiers teaching others), this can be compared to students blatantly being exposed in the problems that they find challenging, and after identifying such issues, the instructor would then lead students to conduct group discussion, which allows those that learn quicker to then teach the ones that haven’t quite internalized the information at such a quick pace. By allowing students who completely understand the material teach those who may be lacking in their comprehension skills, the instructor only needs to maintain the quality of interactions and provide suggestions for adjustments when necessary, thereby solving the problems of those that are struggling but also giving the top performing students room to improve further.
Great, so after reading Mr. Xue’s spin on how he’d conduct “teaching by others”, you better ready cause AndyZ is going to take you for a spin and take a deeper stab at this. This whole teaching others concept actually was first popularized by linguistics and language learning professor Jean-Pol martin, which in its abbreviated form is Ldl (originating from German), which basically means learning from teaching others. The way that Professor Martin did this was to allow students to directly teach, and unlike Mr. Xue, he wasn’t facilitating the students to go up on stage and make reports on a particular piece of information; rather he required the students to utilize more interactive methods such as small group discussions and brainstorming, and his role in all this was to perform quality assurance and only intervene when the information was unclear. Based on this, Professor Martin in particular masterfully connected the other two active learning styles on the learning pyramid - group discussion and practice by doing. However, I must admit that this form of learning requires impeccable design in order to be introduced to the classroom. Trust me, I’m speaking from experience as I remember trialing this out in two separate classes at a particular high school in Southern China. Inevitably, Professor Martin’s learning methods have become fodder material for a number of well-recognized elite universities globally and becoming a classical case study for education studies programs.
Another issue I must also mention is, I’ve interviewed a number of leading scholars and international education program supervisors as well as even those responsible for the education sector at different US consulates about their opinions on a school they consider as an innovative educational institute, and lo’ and behold, the name “Sudbury Valley School” constantly pops up. If you don’t already know this, this school since 1968 has allowed kids of different age ranges to interact, causing most of the teaching to be carried out by the students themselves and instructors are only there to ensure things proceed smoothly. Its successful model has been replicated to over dozens of countries, and most importantly over 90% of its alumni have reported back that they felt they mastered the information that they needed to know much better than their peers in other schools did while attending Sudbury.
Alright then, I’m pretty sure you’ve had enough of this expert talks already, so why not let AndyZ snap you back to reality and get real! Look, the point I’ve been trying to make the whole time wasn’t to encourage you to signup for a Sudbury or Montessori (a similar concept school), after all based on my observations of my clients, the general standard for top-tier international educational programs has been rising as a whole. As a matter of fact, I’m trying to advocate the need for students to incorporate the whole “learning by teaching others”concept into their daily studies, given the fact that there has been so many scientific evidence and successful case studies that validate. After all, this is much more interesting than the dull rote memorization many still do (BORING!), so why the heck aren’t you giving this a shot?
If you’ve forgotten everything you’ve read by now, all you have to do is just remember this - the best form of learning is by teaching others. The moment that you can teach others to the point of which they fully understand, it signifies that you yourself have completely handled the content properly. Failure to do this, and you’re going to embarrass AndyZ!
（大家不要忘记关注AndyZ 老师哦! 点击上方头像进入主页关注，欢迎分享文章，同时也可阅读已发布的其他文章。如果留言咨询国际教育和学习、职场发展和员工管理以及招聘方面的任何问题，没准下次推文你就能得到答案！）
Andy的简介：
- Multicultural and multilingual: Grew up and lived in a number of countries, American-born Chinese - （Third Culture Kid） 多文化和多语言: 在多个国家成长和居住；美籍华人 - 典型第三文化人士(TCK)
- Leader in empowering corporate training and recruitment professionals with assessment methodologies and project-based learning andragogy 为企业培训和招聘人士提供领先评估体系和游戏化的项目式学习的职场教学法的领袖
- Decade of experience in education and training, and expert in China 十年以上的学生教育和企业培训的经验: 并被很多本土和国外人士称为“中国通”
- Regular community event organizer with expertise in workplace gamification for employees 定期社区活动的组织者: 游戏化员工体系的主题
- UC Berkeley Alumni Club Ex-Leader and Recruitment Ambassador 毕业于世界名校加州伯克利大学并担任校友俱乐部前任负责人和前任招生大使
- Third-party Interviewer for College Admissions 美国第三方面试官 (很多大学现在需要学生在提交申请书与第三方机构进行面试)
- Helped build a number of college admissions counseling departments 负责搭建多个海外升学指导中心
- Unlike most “education experts”, personally attended more than a dozen schools growing up and personally went through the AP, IB, British, Singaporean and Hong Kong education systems相比其他所谓的“教育专家”，从小上过十几所学校，亲自体验过AP、IB、英国、新加坡和香港的教育制度
- Recently, created China’s first bilingual entrepreneurial and innovation educational events organization: Center for Youth Business Facilitation
在这一两年间，建立了中国第一个双语创新创业学习的活动平台: CYBF创习国际交流中心
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