ES6

作者: candy252324 | 来源:发表于2017-12-23 10:25 被阅读0次

1.Default Parameters (函数默认参数)

如:定义一个函数,x,y可选,z必传。
ES6语法:

function calc(x=1, y=1,z) {
    console.log(x,y,z)
}
calc(undefined,undefined,3);         // 1 1 3

传统写法:

function calc(x, y,z) {
    x=x||1;
    y=y||1;
    console.log(x,y,z)
}
calc(undefined,undefined,3);         // 1 1 3

需要注意的是:

  • 1.定义了默认参数后,函数的length属性会减少:
function calc(x=1, y=1, z) {...}
console.log(calc.length)        //0

function calc(z, x=1, y=1) {...}
console.log(calc.length)        //1

function calc(m, n ,x=1, y=1, z) {...}
console.log(calc.length)        //2
  • 2.不能用letconst再次声明默认值,var可以
function calc(x=1, y=1,z) {
    var x=5         //可以
    let x=5         //报错
    const x=5       //报错
    console.log(x,y,z)
} 

另外比较有趣的是:默认参数还可以是一个函数调用。
利用这个特性可以强制指定某参数必须传,不传就报错

function throwIf() {
   console.log('error:url必传');
}
function ajax( url=throwIf(), async=true, success) {
    return url;
}
ajax();                    // 'error:url必传'
ajax("www.baodu.com")      //"www.baodu.com"

2.模板字符串

在反引号包裹的字符串中,使用${NAME}(模板占位符)语法来表示模板字符

var name="candy";
var age=20;
var str=name + ' is ' + age + ' years old.'   //传统写法
var str=`${name} is ${age} years old.`      //es6写法

如果你想在模板字符串中使用反引号或 ${,你需要使用反斜杠 \ 将其转义

var str=`\${\` 
console.log(str)     // ${`

3.多行字符串

传统写法:

var roadPoem = 'Then took the other, as just as fair,nt'
    + 'And having perhaps the better claimnt'
    + 'Because it was grassy and wanted wear'
    + 'Though as for that the passing therent'

es6语法:

var roadPoem = `Then took the other, as just as fair,
    And having perhaps the better claimnt
    Because it was grassy and wanted wear,
    Though as for that the passing therent`

4.解构赋值

(1) 解构赋值-数组

  • 交换两个变量的值。如若已知a=1,b=2,现在要交换两个变量的值:

传统写法:

var c;     //需借助中间变量c
c=a;
a=b;
b=c;

es6写法:

[b,a]=[a,b]
  • 可嵌套
[p1, [p2,p3], p4]=[1, [2,3], 4]         //p1,p2,p3,p4 的值分别为1,2,3,4
[p1, arr, p4]=[1, [2,3], 4]      
console.log(arr)        //[2,3]
  • 函数返回
function foo(){return [1,2]}
var [a,b]=foo();
console.log(a,b)  //1, 2 
  • 忽略某个元素
[p1, , p3, , p5]=[1,2,3,4,5]
  • 指定默认值
var [a=1,b=2,c=3]=[100,50]    
console.log(a,b,c)    //100,50,3
  • rest 参数,接收剩余参数
var [p1,p2,p3,...tail]=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
console.log(tail)        //[4,5,6]

(2) 解构赋值-对象

var obj={name,age}={name:"candy",age:20}
console.log(name, age)                //candy, 20
console.log(obj.name, obj.age)        //candy, 20 
  • 可嵌套
var obj={name:{firstName, lastName}}={name:{firstName:"candy",lastName:"chen"}}
console.log(firstName)               //candy
console.log(obj.name)                //{firstName: "candy", lastName: "chen"}
console.log(obj.name.firstName)      //"candy"
  • 使用默认值
var obj={first="candy",last="chen"}={}
console.log(first,last)               //candy,chen
cosole.log(obj.first, obj.last)       //undefined,undefined

5.箭头函数

  • 无参数,必须有圆括号
()=>{statements}
//等价于以下传统写法:
function (){statements}
  • 多个参数
(p1,p2,p3)=>{statements} 
//等价于以下传统写法:
function (p1,p2,p3){statements}  
  • 只有一个参数,圆括号可选
p1=>{statements}    
(p1)=>{statements}   
  • 有返回值,花括号可选
(p1,p2)=>express
(p1,p2)=>{return express}
(p1,p2)=>(express)
//等价于以下传统写法:
function foo(p1,p2){return express}

举个例子:

var foo=(p1,p2)=>p1-p2
foo(10,15)         //-5
  • 返回一个对象时,函数体外必须加圆括号
p1=>({foo:bar})
  • 箭头函数内返回箭头函数
let foo=(a,b)=>c=>a+b+c
foo(1,2,3)        //6

//等价于以下传统写法:
function foo(a,b){
  return function(c){
     return a+b+c
  }
}

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