ES6

作者: candy252324 | 来源:发表于2017-12-23 10:25 被阅读0次

    1.Default Parameters (函数默认参数)

    如:定义一个函数,x,y可选,z必传。
    ES6语法:

    function calc(x=1, y=1,z) {
        console.log(x,y,z)
    }
    calc(undefined,undefined,3);         // 1 1 3
    

    传统写法:

    function calc(x, y,z) {
        x=x||1;
        y=y||1;
        console.log(x,y,z)
    }
    calc(undefined,undefined,3);         // 1 1 3
    

    需要注意的是:

    • 1.定义了默认参数后,函数的length属性会减少:
    function calc(x=1, y=1, z) {...}
    console.log(calc.length)        //0
    
    function calc(z, x=1, y=1) {...}
    console.log(calc.length)        //1
    
    function calc(m, n ,x=1, y=1, z) {...}
    console.log(calc.length)        //2
    
    • 2.不能用letconst再次声明默认值,var可以
    function calc(x=1, y=1,z) {
        var x=5         //可以
        let x=5         //报错
        const x=5       //报错
        console.log(x,y,z)
    } 
    

    另外比较有趣的是:默认参数还可以是一个函数调用。
    利用这个特性可以强制指定某参数必须传,不传就报错

    function throwIf() {
       console.log('error:url必传');
    }
    function ajax( url=throwIf(), async=true, success) {
        return url;
    }
    ajax();                    // 'error:url必传'
    ajax("www.baodu.com")      //"www.baodu.com"
    

    2.模板字符串

    在反引号包裹的字符串中,使用${NAME}(模板占位符)语法来表示模板字符

    var name="candy";
    var age=20;
    var str=name + ' is ' + age + ' years old.'   //传统写法
    var str=`${name} is ${age} years old.`      //es6写法
    

    如果你想在模板字符串中使用反引号或 ${,你需要使用反斜杠 \ 将其转义

    var str=`\${\` 
    console.log(str)     // ${`
    

    3.多行字符串

    传统写法:

    var roadPoem = 'Then took the other, as just as fair,nt'
        + 'And having perhaps the better claimnt'
        + 'Because it was grassy and wanted wear'
        + 'Though as for that the passing therent'
    

    es6语法:

    var roadPoem = `Then took the other, as just as fair,
        And having perhaps the better claimnt
        Because it was grassy and wanted wear,
        Though as for that the passing therent`
    

    4.解构赋值

    (1) 解构赋值-数组

    • 交换两个变量的值。如若已知a=1,b=2,现在要交换两个变量的值:

    传统写法:

    var c;     //需借助中间变量c
    c=a;
    a=b;
    b=c;
    

    es6写法:

    [b,a]=[a,b]
    
    • 可嵌套
    [p1, [p2,p3], p4]=[1, [2,3], 4]         //p1,p2,p3,p4 的值分别为1,2,3,4
    [p1, arr, p4]=[1, [2,3], 4]      
    console.log(arr)        //[2,3]
    
    • 函数返回
    function foo(){return [1,2]}
    var [a,b]=foo();
    console.log(a,b)  //1, 2 
    
    • 忽略某个元素
    [p1, , p3, , p5]=[1,2,3,4,5]
    
    • 指定默认值
    var [a=1,b=2,c=3]=[100,50]    
    console.log(a,b,c)    //100,50,3
    
    • rest 参数,接收剩余参数
    var [p1,p2,p3,...tail]=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
    console.log(tail)        //[4,5,6]
    

    (2) 解构赋值-对象

    var obj={name,age}={name:"candy",age:20}
    console.log(name, age)                //candy, 20
    console.log(obj.name, obj.age)        //candy, 20 
    
    • 可嵌套
    var obj={name:{firstName, lastName}}={name:{firstName:"candy",lastName:"chen"}}
    console.log(firstName)               //candy
    console.log(obj.name)                //{firstName: "candy", lastName: "chen"}
    console.log(obj.name.firstName)      //"candy"
    
    • 使用默认值
    var obj={first="candy",last="chen"}={}
    console.log(first,last)               //candy,chen
    cosole.log(obj.first, obj.last)       //undefined,undefined
    

    5.箭头函数

    • 无参数,必须有圆括号
    ()=>{statements}
    //等价于以下传统写法:
    function (){statements}
    
    • 多个参数
    (p1,p2,p3)=>{statements} 
    //等价于以下传统写法:
    function (p1,p2,p3){statements}  
    
    • 只有一个参数,圆括号可选
    p1=>{statements}    
    (p1)=>{statements}   
    
    • 有返回值,花括号可选
    (p1,p2)=>express
    (p1,p2)=>{return express}
    (p1,p2)=>(express)
    //等价于以下传统写法:
    function foo(p1,p2){return express}
    

    举个例子:

    var foo=(p1,p2)=>p1-p2
    foo(10,15)         //-5
    
    • 返回一个对象时,函数体外必须加圆括号
    p1=>({foo:bar})
    
    • 箭头函数内返回箭头函数
    let foo=(a,b)=>c=>a+b+c
    foo(1,2,3)        //6
    
    //等价于以下传统写法:
    function foo(a,b){
      return function(c){
         return a+b+c
      }
    }
    

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