享元模式

作者: fancy_boy_石嘉成 | 来源:发表于2018-07-29 17:50 被阅读0次

    《大话设计模式》阅读笔记和总结。原书是C#编写的,本人用Java实现了一遍,包括每种设计模式的UML图实现和示例代码实现。
    目录:设计模式
    Github地址:DesignPattern

    说明

    定义:享元模式(Flyweight),运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

    UML图:

    享元模式UML图.png

    代码实现:

    Flyweight类,它是所有具体享元类的超类或接口,通过这个接口,Flyweight可以接受并作用于外部状态

    abstract class Flyweight{
        public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicstate);
    }
    

    ConcreteFlyweight是继承Flyweight超类或实现Flyweight接口,并为内部状态增加存储空间

    class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight{
    
        @Override
        public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
            System.out.println("具体Flyweight:"+extrinsicstate);
        }
    }
    
    

    UnsharedConcreteFlyweight是指那些不需要共享的Flyweight子类,因为Flyweight接口共享成为可能,,但它并不强制共享

    class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight{
        @Override
        public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
            System.out.println("不共享具体Flyweight:"+extrinsicstate);
        }
    }
    

    FlyweightFactory,是一个享元工厂,用来创建并管理Flyweight对象。它主要是用来确保合理的共享Flyweight,当用户请求一个Flyweight时,FlyweightFactory对象提供一个已创建的实例或者创建一个(如果不存在的话)。

    class FlyweightFactory{
        private Map<String,Object> flyweights = new HashMap<>();
    
        public FlyweightFactory(){
            flyweights.put("X",new ConcreteFlyweight());
            flyweights.put("Y",new ConcreteFlyweight());
            flyweights.put("Z",new ConcreteFlyweight());
        }
    
        public Flyweight getFlyweight(String key){
            return (Flyweight) flyweights.get(key);
        }
    }
    

    客户端代码

    public class FlyweightPattern {
        public static void main(String[] args){
            int extrinsicstate = 22;
            FlyweightFactory f = new FlyweightFactory();
    
            Flyweight fx = f.getFlyweight("X");
            fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
    
            Flyweight fy = f.getFlyweight("Y");
            fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
    
            Flyweight fz = f.getFlyweight("Z");
            fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
    
            UnsharedConcreteFlyweight uf = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();
            uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
        }
    }
    

    运行结果

    具体Flyweight:21
    具体Flyweight:20
    具体Flyweight:19
    不共享具体Flyweight:18
    

    示例

    例子:网站分为很多种,有博客类的,有产品展示的。其实每种类型的网站在代码上来说有很大的相似之处,所以公司在做网站的时候往往相同类型的网站都使用一份源代码,这样维护起来十分简单和便捷。用程序模拟这个过程。

    UML图:

    享元模式示例UML图.png

    代码实现:

    用户类,用于网站的客户账号,是“网站的外部状态”

    public class User {
        private String name;
        public User(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    }
    
    

    网站抽象类

    public abstract class WebSite {
        // “使用”方法需要传递“用户”对象
        public abstract void Use(User user);
    }
    
    

    具体网站类

    public class ConcreteWebSite extends WebSite {
        private String name;
        public ConcreteWebSite(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }
        @Override
        public void Use(User user) {
            System.out.println("网站分类:"+name+"----用户:"+user.getName());
        }
    }
    

    网站工厂类

    public class WebSiteFactory {
        private Map<String,Object> flyweights = new HashMap<>();
    
        // 获得网站分类
        public WebSite getWebSiteCategory(String key){
            if (!flyweights.containsKey(key)){
                flyweights.put(key,new ConcreteWebSite(key));
            }
            return (WebSite) flyweights.get(key);
        }
    
        public int getWebSiteCount(){
            return flyweights.size();
        }
    }
    
    

    客户端代码

    public class Main {
        public static void main(String[] args){
            WebSiteFactory f = new WebSiteFactory();
    
            WebSite fx = f.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fx.Use(new User("小菜"));
    
            WebSite fy = f.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fy.Use(new User("大鸟"));
    
            WebSite fz = f.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fz.Use(new User("娇娇"));
    
            WebSite fl = f.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fl.Use(new User("老顽童"));
    
            WebSite fm = f.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fm.Use(new User("桃谷六仙"));
    
            WebSite fn = f.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fn.Use(new User("南海鳄神"));
    
            System.out.println("得到网站分类总数为"+f.getWebSiteCount());
        }
    }
    
    

    运行结果

    网站分类:产品展示----用户:小菜
    网站分类:产品展示----用户:大鸟
    网站分类:产品展示----用户:娇娇
    网站分类:博客----用户:老顽童
    网站分类:博客----用户:桃谷六仙
    网站分类:博客----用户:南海鳄神
    得到网站分类总数为2
    

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