一、本课目标
- 掌握使用注解实现AOP的方法
二、使用注解定义切面
2.1简介
- AspectJ
面向切面的框架,它扩展了Java语言,定义了AOP语法,能够在编译期提供代码的织入。 - @AspectJ
AspectJ5新增的功能,使用JDK5.0注解技术和正规的AspectJ切点表达式语言描述切面(所以在使用@AspectJ的时候,要保证所用的JDK是5.0或者以上的版本) - Spring通过集成AspectJ实现了以注解的方式定义增强类,大大减少了配置文件中的工作量
利用轻量级的字节码处理框架asm处理@AspectJ中所描述的方法参数名
2.2示例
需求:使用注解来实现日志切面
分析:
1、使用注解定义前置增强和后置增强实现日志功能
2、编写Spring配置文件,完成切面织入
image.png
实体类:
package entity;
/**
* 用户实体类
*/
public class User implements java.io.Serializable {
private Integer id; // 用户ID
private String username; // 用户名
private String password; // 密码
private String email; // 电子邮件
// getter & setter
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
增强类:
package aop;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
/**
* 增强处理类
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Aspect
public class UserServiceLogger {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(UserServiceLogger.class);
@Before("execution(* service.UserService.*(..))")
public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法参数" +
Arrays.toString(jp.getArgs()));
}
public void afterReturning(JoinPoint jp, Object result) {
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法返回值" +
result);
}
}
dao层:
package dao;
import entity.User;
/**
* 增加DAO接口,定义了所需的持久化方法
*/
public interface UserDao {
public void save(User user);
}
package dao.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import dao.UserDao;
import entity.User;
/**
* 用户DAO类,实现UserDao接口,负责User类的持久化操作
*/
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public void save(User user) {
// 这里并未实现完整的数据库操作,仅为说明问题
System.out.println("保存用户信息到数据库");
}
}
service层:
package service;
import entity.User;
/**
* 用户业务接口,定义了所需的业务方法
*/
public interface UserService {
public void addNewUser(User user);
}
package service.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import service.UserService;
import dao.UserDao;
import entity.User;
/**
* 用户业务类,实现对User功能的业务管理
*/
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
// 声明接口类型的引用,和具体实现类解耦合
private UserDao dao;
/* // 无参构造
public UserServiceImpl() {
}*/
@Autowired
// 指定装配的bean的名称
public void setDao(@Qualifier("userDao")UserDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
/* // 用于为dao属性赋值的构造方法
public UserServiceImpl(UserDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}*/
public void addNewUser(User user) {
// 调用用户DAO的方法保存用户信息
dao.save(user);
}
}
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 扫描包中注解标注的类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="service,dao" />
<bean class="aop.UserServiceLogger"></bean>
<!-- 启动对Spring AOP的AspectJ注解的支持 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
测试类:
package test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import service.UserService;
import entity.User;
public class Test {
@org.junit.Test
public void test() {
// 使用ApplicationContext接口的实现类ClassPathXmlApplicationContext加载Spring配置文件
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"applicationContext.xml");
// 通过ApplicationContext接口的getBean()方法获取id或name为userService的Bean实例
UserService service = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setUsername("test");
user.setPassword("123456");
user.setEmail("test@xxx.com");
service.addNewUser(user);
}
}
运行结果:
image.png
增加后置增强:
package aop;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
/**
* 增强处理类
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Aspect
public class UserServiceLogger {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(UserServiceLogger.class);
@Before("execution(* service.UserService.*(..))")
public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法参数" +
Arrays.toString(jp.getArgs()));
}
@AfterReturning(pointcut="execution(* service.UserService.*(..))",
returning="result")
public void afterReturning(JoinPoint jp, Object result) {
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法返回值" +
result);
}
}
运行结果:
image.png
注:有时候同一个切入点要在很多地方用到,这时候我们要进行统一的定义,以方便我们的重用和维护。
代码如下:
package aop;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
/**
* 增强处理类
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Aspect
public class UserServiceLogger {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(UserServiceLogger.class);
// 统一定义切入点,并定义该切入点的方法名
@Pointcut("execution(* service.UserService.*(..))")
public void pointcut() {}
@Before("pointcut()")
public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法参数" +
Arrays.toString(jp.getArgs()));
}
@AfterReturning(pointcut="pointcut()",
returning="result")
public void afterReturning(JoinPoint jp, Object result) {
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法返回值" +
result);
}
}
三、使用注解丁义珍增强
需求说明:使用注解来定义异常抛出增强
分析:
- 使用@AfterThrowing注解定义异常抛出增强
增强类:
package aop;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
/**
* 定义包含增强方法的JavaBean
*/
@Aspect
public class ErrorLogger {
private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ErrorLogger.class);
@AfterThrowing(pointcut="execution(* service.UserService.*(..))",
throwing="e")
public void afterThrowing(JoinPoint jp, RuntimeException e) {
log.error(jp.getSignature().getName() + " 方法发生异常:" + e);
}
}
dao层
package dao.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import dao.UserDao;
import entity.User;
/**
* 用户DAO类,实现UserDao接口,负责User类的持久化操作
*/
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public void save(User user) {
// 这里并未实现完整的数据库操作,仅为说明问题
System.out.println("保存用户信息到数据库");
throw new RuntimeException("为测试程序运行效果抛出的异常");
}
}
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 扫描包中注解标注的类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="service,dao" />
<bean class="aop.ErrorLogger"></bean>
<!-- 启动对Spring AOP的AspectJ注解的支持 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
运行结果:
image.png
四、使用注解定义最终增强
需求:使用注解来定义最终增强
分析:使用@After注解定义最终增强
增强类:
package aop;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
@Aspect
public class AfterLogger {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(AfterLogger.class);
@After("execution(* service.UserService.*(..))")
public void after(JoinPoint jp) {
log.info(jp.getSignature().getName() + "方法结束了");
}
}
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 扫描包中注解标注的类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="service,dao" />
<bean class="aop.AfterLogger"></bean>
<!-- 启动对Spring AOP的AspectJ注解的支持 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
运行结果:
image.png
五、使用注解定义环绕增强
需求说明:使用注解来定义环绕增强
分析:使用@Around注解定义环绕增强
增强类:
package aop;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
@Aspect
public class AroundLogger {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(AroundLogger.class);
/**
* 可以通过修改这个方法的返回值来修改目标方法的返回值
* @param jp
* @return
* @throws Throwable
*/
@Around("execution(* service.UserService.*(..))")
public Object aroundLogger(ProceedingJoinPoint jp ) throws Throwable {
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法参数" +
Arrays.toString(jp.getArgs()));
Object result;
try {
result = jp.proceed();
log.info("调用" + jp.getTarget() + "的" +
jp.getSignature() + "方法,方法返回值" +
result);
return result;
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error(jp.getSignature().getName() + " 方法发生异常:" + e);
throw e;
}finally {
log.info(jp.getSignature().getName() + " 方法结束执行。");
}
}
}
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd">
<!-- 扫描包中注解标注的类 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="service,dao" />
<bean class="aop.AroundLogger"></bean>
<!-- 启动对Spring AOP的AspectJ注解的支持 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
运行结果:
image.png
六、小结
image.pngimage.png
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