当线程池的任务缓存队列已满并且线程池中的线程数目达到maximumPoolSize，如果还有任务到来就会采取任务拒绝策略，通常有以下四种策略：
ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy:丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。
ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy：也是丢弃任务，但是不抛出异常。
ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy：丢弃队列最前面的任务，然后重新尝试执行任务（重复此过程）
ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy：由调用线程处理该任务
当Executor已经关闭（即执行了executorService.shutdown()方法后），并且Executor将有限边界用于最大线程和工作队列容量，且已经饱和时，在方法execute()中提交的新任务将被拒绝.
在以上述情况下，execute 方法将调用其 RejectedExecutionHandler 的RejectedExecutionHandler.rejectedExecution(java.lang.Runnable, java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor) 方法。
线程池默认会采用的是defaultHandler策略。首先看defaultHandler的定义：
private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler = new AbortPolicy(); // 使用默认的拒绝策略
//丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。
public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public AbortPolicy() { }
// 抛出异常
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() + " rejected from " + e.toString());
}
}
如下是一个测试任务的例子，下面编写4个测试用例来测试。
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyRunnable(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
看一下其他拒绝策略的具体实现。
1.DiscardPolicy 示例(也是丢弃任务，但是不抛出异常。)
public class DiscardPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"丢弃"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
// 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
线程池pool的”最大池大小”和”核心池大小”都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，这意味着”线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1”。
线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue，ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列，ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。
根据”“中分析的execute()代码可知：线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中，通过线程去执行；第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了！
2.DiscardOldestPolicy 示例(丢弃队列最前面的任务，然后重新尝试执行任务（重复此过程）)
public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"DiscardOldestPolicy"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
// 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
运行结果：
task-0 is running.
task-9 is running.
将”线程池的拒绝策略”由DiscardPolicy修改为DiscardOldestPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务，然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。
3.AbortPolicy 示例(丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。)
public class AbortPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"抛出异常"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
try {
// 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
} catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
}
(某一次)运行结果：
java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656)
at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27)
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
将”线程池的拒绝策略”由DiscardPolicy修改为AbortPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，会抛出RejectedExecutionException。
4.CallerRunsPolicy 示例(由调用线程处理该任务)
public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"CallerRunsPolicy"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
// 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
(某一次)运行结果：
task-2 is running.
task-3 is running.
task-4 is running.
task-5 is running.
task-6 is running.
task-7 is running.
task-8 is running.
task-9 is running.
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
将”线程池的拒绝策略”由DiscardPolicy修改为CallerRunsPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到”线程池正在运行的线程”中取运行。
参考来自http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufenqin/article/details/51012666
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