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注解驱动的springmvc加载过程源码解析

注解驱动的springmvc加载过程源码解析

作者: xdoyf | 来源:发表于2020-03-18 19:18 被阅读0次

    按照servlet3.0规范的规定,tomcat等web容器在启动的时候需要查看META-INF/services目录下的以javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer作为文件名的文件并加载文件中实现了ServletContainerInitializer接口的类

    ServletContainerInitializer

    spring-web的实现为SpringServletContainerInitializer:

    WEB-INF/services/ SpringServletContainerInitializer

    该类被@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)所注解,所以该类的onStartup方法实现中可以以Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses参数接收到所有WebApplicationInitializer接口的实现类:

        public void onStartup(@Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
                throws ServletException {
    

    再看看WebApplicationInitializer的实现类有哪些:

    WebApplicationInitializer的层级关系

    下面看看SpringServletContainerInitializer.onStartup具体的逻辑(相关性不强的代码我就不贴出来了,主要看逻辑):

        public void onStartup(@Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
                throws ServletException {
    
            List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<>();
             //拿到所有WebApplicationInitializer的实现类,如果该类不是接口、抽象类那么反射创建该类实例
            if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
                for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
                    if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
                            WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
                        try {
                            initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer)
                                    ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(waiClass).newInstance());
                        }
                        catch (Throwable ex) {
                            throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            //排序后依次执行onStartup方法
            AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
            for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
                initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
            }
        }
    

    根据上面代码的分析SpringServletContainerInitializer并没有执行具体的springIOC容器的加载和DispatcherServlet的注册,而是把具体的加载逻辑委托给了WebApplicationInitializer的实现类,但是WebApplicationInitializer的层级关系图显示,spring框架除了提供了三个抽象实现外并没有提供具体的实现类,所以需要开发者自己提供,我们先看最外层的封装AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer的注释(不喜欢英文的直接看后面翻译):

    /**

    • Base class for {@link org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer}
    • implementations that register a
    • {@link org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet DispatcherServlet}
    • configured with annotated classes, e.g. Spring's
    • {@link org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration @Configuration} classes.
    • <p>Concrete implementations are required to implement {@link #getRootConfigClasses()}
    • and {@link #getServletConfigClasses()} as well as {@link #getServletMappings()}.
    • Further template and customization methods are provided by
    • {@link AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer}.
    • <p>This is the preferred approach for applications that use Java-based
    • Spring configuration.
      */
      大概意思是说:这个类是WebApplicationInitializer接口的基础实现,目的是通过使用诸如@Configuration注解的配置类来注册DispatcherServlet(译者:也包括root application context),继承这个类的具体实现需要实现getRootConfigClasses、getServletConfigClasses和getServletMappings三个方法,并且继承这个类是使用基于注解配置的推荐方式。
      通过上面提供的三个方法名我们可以推断,只需要通过类似
    AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer实现

    这种方式就可以配置spring的root 容器和DispatcherServlet使用的mvc容器并配置DispatcherServlet的路径映射信息了,相当简单。

    下面分析原理,再次熟悉一下层级关系:
    ->WebApplicationInitializer
    ->AbstractContextLoaderInitializer
    ->AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer
    ->AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer

    直接看onStartup方法,onStartup只在AbstractContextLoaderInitializer和AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer中实现,我们从外往里看
    AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer:

        @Override
        public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
            //调用父类的onStartup
            super.onStartup(servletContext);
            //注册DispatcherServlet
            registerDispatcherServlet(servletContext);
        }
    

    AbstractContextLoaderInitializer:

        @Override
        public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
            //注册ContextLoaderListener
            registerContextLoaderListener(servletContext);
        }
    

    其实从类的名字上我们就可以猜出来他们各自完成了什么工作了,AbstractContextLoaderInitializer的作用是向servletContext中注册ContextLoaderListener,这和我们使用xml配置方式加载springIOC容器的方式是一样的,AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer负责注册DispatcherServlet加载mvc容器。

        protected void registerContextLoaderListener(ServletContext servletContext) {
            //创建根容器rootAppContext
            WebApplicationContext rootAppContext = createRootApplicationContext();
            if (rootAppContext != null) {
                //实例化ContextLoaderListener
                ContextLoaderListener listener = new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext);
                //必要的话传入contextInitializers
                listener.setContextInitializers(getRootApplicationContextInitializers());
                //注册到servletContext中
                servletContext.addListener(listener);
            }
            else {
                logger.debug("No ContextLoaderListener registered, as " +
                        "createRootApplicationContext() did not return an application context");
            }
        }
    

    关于上面创建根容器rootAppContext的方法createRootApplicationContext:

        protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
            //获取用户定义的根容器配置类,在我们的例子中是AppConfig
            Class<?>[] configClasses = getRootConfigClasses();
            if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
                //仅仅将配置类注册到根IOC容器中以供ContextLoaderListener使用,具体容器加载过程由ContextLoaderListener完成
                AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
                rootAppContext.register(configClasses);
                return rootAppContext;
            }
            else {
                return null;
            }
        }
    

    ContextLoaderListener加载IOC容器的原理这里就不再赘述了。下面看DispatcherServlet的注册过程:

    protected void registerDispatcherServlet(ServletContext servletContext) {
            //获得servlet名称,固定值"dispatcher"
            String servletName = getServletName();
            //生成AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext容器,并将配置类注册进去(具体代码看后面的代码块)
            WebApplicationContext servletAppContext = createServletApplicationContext();
            //实例化DispatcherServlet,传入生成好的context容器
            FrameworkServlet dispatcherServlet = createDispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
            //必要的话传入contextInitializers
            dispatcherServlet.setContextInitializers(getServletApplicationContextInitializers());
            //将DispatcherServlet注册到servletContext中
            ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet(servletName, dispatcherServlet);
            //设置LoadOnStartup
            registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
            //设置mapping
            registration.addMapping(getServletMappings());
            //设置异步支持
            registration.setAsyncSupported(isAsyncSupported());
            //注册过滤器
            Filter[] filters = getServletFilters();
            if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(filters)) {
                for (Filter filter : filters) {
                    registerServletFilter(servletContext, filter);
                }
            }
              //自定义配置
            customizeRegistration(registration);
        }
    

    createServletApplicationContext:

        protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
                //实例化容器
            AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext servletAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
                //获取配置类(webConfig)
            Class<?>[] configClasses = getServletConfigClasses();
            if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
                //注册配置类
                servletAppContext.register(configClasses);
            }
            return servletAppContext;
        }
    

    配置好DispatcherServlet后,服务器web容器启动时根据LoadOnStartup属性会自动开始springmvc容器的加载过程。

    总结

    web容器启动->
    注册contextloaderlistener(此监听器为servletcontextlistener,在servletcontext初始化之后执行内部方法完成root context的初始化工作)
    向web容器注册dispatcherservlet,设置loadonstartup参数为1,即启动时执行init方法,在init方法中获取之前初始化完成的root context 完成web context的初始化。

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