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Android 版本迭代

Android 版本迭代

作者: 测天测地测空气 | 来源:发表于2018-08-03 19:59 被阅读0次
    image.png

    具体来说大概是如下几步:

    1、每次启动应用我们就获取放在服务器上的版本信息,我们获取到版本号与当前应用的版本好进行对比,这样我们就可以知道应用是否更新了,版本信息一般包含如下内容:

    {   
         "versionCode": "2",      //版本号
         "versionName": "2.0",  //版本名称
         //服务器上最新版本的app的下载地址
         "apkUrl": "http://oh0vbg8a6.bkt.clouddn.com/app-debug.apk",
         "updateTitle": "更新提示" ,
         "changeLog":"1.修复xxx Bug;2.更新了某某UI界面."
     }
    
    

    备注:

    versionCode 2  //对用户不可见,仅用于应用市场、程序内部识别版本,判断新旧等用途。
    versionName "2.0"//展示给用户,让用户会知道自己安装的当前版本.
    //versionCode的值,必须是int
    
    

    2、获取用户当前使用的APP的versionCode(版本号)

    /**
     * 获取当前APP版本号
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static int getPackageVersionCode(Context context){
        PackageManager manager = context.getPackageManager();
        PackageInfo packageInfo = null;
        try {
            packageInfo = manager.getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(),0);
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
        if(packageInfo != null){
            return packageInfo.versionCode;
        }else{
            return 1;
        }
    }
    
    

    3、拿到本地的版本号后,与获取到的服务器的最新的版本号做对比,如果比我们本地获取的APP的versionCode 高,则就进行下一步

    //如果当前版本小于新版本,则更新
    
    //获取当前app版本
    int currVersionCode = AppUtils.getPackageVersionCode  (MainActivity.this);
    //newVersionCode自己通过网络框架访问服务器,解析数据得到
    
    if(currVersionCode < newVersionCode){
             Log.i("tag", "有新版本需要更新");
              showHintDialog(); //弹出对话框,提示用户更新APP
     }
    
    

    4、如果服务器有新的高版本,则弹出对话框提示用户更新

    //显示询问用户是否更新APP的dialog
    private void showHintDialog() {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
        builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                .setMessage("检测到当前有新版本,是否更新?")
                .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        //取消更新,则跳转到旧版本的APP的页面
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "暂时不更新app", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                })
                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        //6.0以下系统,不需要请求权限,直接下载新版本的app
                        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                            downloadApk();
                        } else {
                            //6.0以上,先检查,申请权限,再下载
                            checkPermission();
                        }
    
                    }
                }).create().show();
    }
    
    

    5、如果用户选择了更新APP,则对手机系统版本进行判断

    • 6.0以下系统,不需要请求权限,直接下载新版本的app

    • 6.0以上,先检查,申请权限,再下载

    <--网络权限--> 
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <--读写sdcard的权限-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <--访问网络状态的权限-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
    
    

    6、检查权限(6.0以上系统)

    //检查权限
    private void checkPermission() {
        //app更新所需的权限
        String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.INTERNET};
        if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, permissions)) {
            // Already have permission, do the thing
            // ...
            downloadApk();
        } else {
            // Do not have permissions, request them now(请求权限)
            EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, "app更新需要读写sdcard的权限",
                    REQUEST_CODE_WRITE, permissions);
        }
    }
    
    

    授权结果的回调:

    //授权的结果的回调方法
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if(requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_WRITE){
            if(grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    downloadApk();
            }
        }
    }
    
    

    备注:

    Manifest.permission.INTERNET完全可以不用写,但是,我之前在比较复杂的测试中,遇到过问题,故此处就加上了。

    权限申请,有时,用户拒绝了授权,并且勾选了不再提示的选项,那么用户会因为没有授权而不能使用一些功能,这样的用户体验是非常糟糕的,为了解决这个问题,我们可以通过弹出自定义的Dialog来让用户打开APP设置界面去手动开启相应的权限,这样才能完整的使用app,所以还需要实现EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks接口,重写如下方法

    /**
     * 用户同意授权了
     *
     * @param requestCode
     * @param perms
     */
    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
        downloadApk();
        Log.i("tag","--------->同意授权");
    }
    
    /**
     * 用户拒绝了授权,则通过弹出对话框让用户打开app设置界面,
     * 手动授权,然后返回app进行版本更新
     *
     * @param requestCode
     * @param perms
     */
    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
        Toast.makeText(this, "没有同意授权", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        if (EasyPermissions.somePermissionPermanentlyDenied(this, perms)) {
            new AppSettingsDialog.Builder(this, "请设置权限")
                    .setTitle("设置对话框")
                    .setPositiveButton("设置")
                    .setNegativeButton("取消", null /* click listener */)
                    .setRequestCode(RC_SETTINGS_SCREEN)
                    .build()
                    .show();
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
          super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    
          if (requestCode == RC_SETTINGS_SCREEN) {
          // Do something after user returned from app settings screen, like   showing a Toast.
          Toast.makeText(this, "从app设置返回应用界面", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                .show();
          downloadApk();
          }
    }
    
    

    7、接下来只需要进行下载安装即可,我们这时候就要判断,是否处于WiFi状态下,如果是WiFi情况下就直接进行更新,如果不是,再创建对话框,然后询问用户,是否确定需要通过流量来进行下载:(因为一般下载都是在后台,所以都是放在Service中进行操作的。通过startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, UpdateService.class));来启动服务进行下载)

    判断是否处于WiFi状态

    /**
     * 判断是否处于WiFi状态
     * getActiveNetworkInfo 是可用的网络,不一定是链接的,getNetworkInfo 是链接的。
     */
    public static boolean isWifi(Context context) {
        ConnectivityManager manager = (ConnectivityManager)context. getSystemService(CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        //NetworkInfo info = manager.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI);
        NetworkInfo networkInfo = manager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        //处于WiFi连接状态
        if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.getType() == ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    

    新版app下载

    //下载最新版的app
    private void downloadApk() {
        boolean isWifi = AppUtils.isWifi(this); //是否处于WiFi状态
        if (isWifi) {
            startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, UpdateService.class));
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始下载。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            //弹出对话框,提示是否用流量下载
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
            builder.setTitle("提示");
            builder.setMessage("是否要用流量进行下载更新");
            builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                    dialogInterface.dismiss();
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "取消更新。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            });
    
            builder.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                    startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, UpdateService.class));
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始下载。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            });
            builder.setCancelable(false);
    
            AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();
            //设置不可取消对话框
            dialog.setCancelable(false);
            dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
            dialog.show();
        }
    }
    
    

    备注:

    如果对service不是很理解的童鞋,可以看看这篇文章:深入理解Service

    8、Service进行下载

    这里是用DownloadManager进行下载的,下载完成后,点击通知的图标,可以自动安装。
    这里顺便给出一个DownloadManager的链接,有需要的,可以自行阅读:Android系统下载管理DownloadManager

    • 通过DownLoadManager来进行APK的下载,代码如下:
        //开始下载最新版本的apk文件
        DownloadManager downloadManager = (DownloadManager)context.getSystemService(DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
        //DownloadManager实现下载
        DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(MainConstant.NEW_VERSION_APP_URL));
        request.setTitle("文件下载")
                .setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS,MainConstant.NEW_VERSION_APK_NAME)
                //设置通知在下载中和下载完成都会显示
                //.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED)
                //设置通知只在下载过程中显示,下载完成后不再显示
                .setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE);
        downloadManager.enqueue(request);
    
    
    • 下载完毕,自动安装的实现

    当DownLoadManager下载完成后,会发送一个DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE的广播,所以我们只要刚开始在启动Service的时候,注册一个广播,监听
    DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE,然后当下载完成后,在BroadcastReceiver中调用安装APK的方法即可。

    //广播接收的注册
    public void receiverRegist() {
        receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                //安装apk
                AppUtils.installApk(context);
                stopSelf(); //停止下载的Service
            }
        };
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE);
        registerReceiver(receiver, filter); //注册广播
    }
    
    
    • 通过隐式意图安装apk
    /**Apk的安装
     *
     * @param context
     */
    public static void installApk(Context context) {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); //这个必须有
        intent.setDataAndType(
                Uri.fromFile(new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
                        Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS), MainConstant.NEW_VERSION_APK_NAME)),
                "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }
    
    

    Service中的完整代码

    public class UpdateService extends Service {
    
        public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 100;
        private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 10; //PendingIntent中的请求码
        //下载的新版本的apk的存放路径
        public static final String destPath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) + File.separator + "newversion.apk";
    
        private Context mContext = this;
        private Notification mNotification;
        private NotificationManager manager;
        private NotificationCompat.Builder builder;
        private RemoteViews remoteViews;
        private BroadcastReceiver receiver;
    
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            return null;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            receiverRegist();
            //下载apk文件
            AppUtils.downloadApkByDownloadManager(this);
            return Service.START_STICKY;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            //解除注册
            unregisterReceiver(receiver);
        }
    
        //广播接收的注册
        public void receiverRegist() {
            receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
                @Override
                public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                    //安装apk
                    AppUtils.installApk(context);
                    stopSelf(); //停止下载的Service
                }
            };
            IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE);
            registerReceiver(receiver, filter); //注册广播
        }
    }
    
    

    下面这段代码是自己封装的下载apk并实现自动安装的功能,如有不妥之处,敬请 指出

    public class UpdateService extends IntentService {
    
        public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 100;
        private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 10; //PendingIntent中的请求码
        public static final String destPath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) + File.separator + "newversion.apk";
    
        private Context mContext = this;
        private Notification mNotification;
        private NotificationManager manager;
        private NotificationCompat.Builder builder;
        private RemoteViews remoteViews;
    
        public UpdateService() {
            super("UpdateService");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
            if (intent != null) {
                //开始下载最新版本的apk文件
    
                initNotification();
                download(MainConstant.NEW_VERSION_APP_URL);
            }
        }
    
        private void download(String newVersionApkUrl) {
            BufferedInputStream bis = null;
            BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
    
            try {
                URL url = new URL(newVersionApkUrl);
                HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                //设置连接的属性
                conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
                conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
                //如果响应码为200
                if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
                    bis = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
                    bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(destPath));
                    int totalSize;
                    int count = 0; //读取到的字节数的计数器
                    int progress; //当前进度
                    byte[] data = new byte[1024 * 1024];
                    int len;
                    //文件总的大小
                    totalSize = conn.getContentLength();
                    while ((len = bis.read(data)) != -1) {
                        count += len; //读取当前总的字节数
                        bos.write(data, 0, len);
                        bos.flush();
    
                        progress = (int) ((count / (float) totalSize) * 100);
                        //progress = (count * 100) / totalSize; //当前下载的进度
    
                        //重新设置自定义通知的进度条的进度
                        remoteViews.setProgressBar(R.id.progressBar, 100, progress, false);
                        remoteViews.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_progress, "已经下载了:" + progress + "%");
                        //发送通知
                        manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, mNotification);
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (bis != null) {
                    try {
                        bis.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if (bos != null) {
                    try {
                        bos.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
    
            //下载文件完成以后,执行以下操作
            Intent installIntent = new Intent();
            /**启动系统服务的Activity,用于显示用户的数据。
             比较通用,会根据用户的数据类型打开相应的Activity。
             */
            installIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
            installIntent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(new File(destPath)), "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
            //实例化延时的Activity
            PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(mContext, REQUEST_CODE, installIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);
            builder.setContentTitle("文件下载完毕!")
                    .setSmallIcon(android.R.drawable.stat_sys_download_done)
                    .setContentText("已下载100%")
                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
            //点击通知图标,自动消失
            Notification notification = builder.build();
            notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
            manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);
        }
    
        //初始化通知
        private void initNotification() {
            builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(mContext);
            //自定义的Notification
            remoteViews = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(), R.layout.layout_main_notification);
            Bitmap largeIcon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.stat_sys_download_anim0);
    
            builder.setTicker("开始下载apk文件")
                    .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.stat_sys_download_anim5)
                    .setLargeIcon(largeIcon)
                    .setContent(remoteViews);
    
            //实例化通知对象
            mNotification = builder.build();
    
            //获取通知的管理器
            manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        }
    }
    

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