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02_Zookeeper客户端、节点

02_Zookeeper客户端、节点

作者: 对方不想理你并向你抛出一个异常 | 来源:发表于2017-08-29 00:09 被阅读0次

    运行 zkCli.sh –server <ip>进入命令行工具

    1、使用 ls 命令来查看当前 ZooKeeper 中所包含的内容:
    [zk: 202.115.36.251:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /
    2、创建一个新的 znode ,使用 create /zk myData 。这个命令创建了一个新的 znode 节点“ zk ”以及与它关联的字符串:
    [zk: 202.115.36.251:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /zk "myData“
    3、我们运行 get 命令来确认 znode 是否包含我们所创建的字符串:

    [zk: 202.115.36.251:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get /zk
    #监听这个节点的变化,当另外一个客户端改变/zk时,它会打出下面的
    #WATCHER::
    #WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/zk
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /zk watch
    

    4、下面我们通过 set 命令来对 zk 所关联的字符串进行设置:
    [zk: 202.115.36.251:2181(CONNECTED) 4] set /zk "zsl“
    5、下面我们将刚才创建的 znode 删除:
    [zk: 202.115.36.251:2181(CONNECTED) 5] delete /zk
    6、删除节点:rmr
    [zk: 202.115.36.251:2181(CONNECTED) 5] rmr /zk

    客户端

    • 使用客户端连接
    [root@hadoop bin]# cd /apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin
    [root@hadoop bin]# ./zkCli.sh 
    Connecting to localhost:2181
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,598 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.5-1392090, built on 09/30/2012 17:52 GMT
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,601 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:host.name=google-public-dns-a.google.com
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,601 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.version=1.7.0_45
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,602 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,602 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.home=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_45/jre
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,602 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.class.path=/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../build/classes:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../build/lib/*.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../lib/netty-3.2.2.Final.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../lib/log4j-1.2.15.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../lib/jline-0.9.94.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../zookeeper-3.4.5.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../src/java/lib/*.jar:/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/../conf:
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,603 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.library.path=/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,603 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,603 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.compiler=<NA>
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,604 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:os.name=Linux
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,604 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:os.arch=amd64
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,604 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:os.version=2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,605 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:user.name=root
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,605 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:user.home=/root
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,605 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:user.dir=/apps/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,607 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@438] - Initiating client connection, connectString=localhost:2181 sessionTimeout=30000 watcher=org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeperMain$MyWatcher@10636a7e
    Welcome to ZooKeeper!
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,922 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@966] - Opening socket connection to server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error)
    2017-08-28 22:28:28,961 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@849] - Socket connection established to localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, initiating session
    JLine support is enabled
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTING) 0] 2017-08-28 22:28:29,064 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1207] - Session establishment complete on server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, sessionid = 0x15e2bcce47b0000, negotiated timeout = 30000
    
    WATCHER::
    
    WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null
    
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] 
    

    连接成功,连接到本机的zookeeper

    • 连接到指定机器的zookeeper
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] connect mini2:2181
    2017-08-28 22:31:56,498 [myid:] - INFO  [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@509] - EventThread shut down
    2017-08-28 22:31:56,499 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@684] - Session: 0x15e2bcce47b0000 closed
    2017-08-28 22:31:56,503 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@438] - Initiating client connection, connectString=mini2:2181 sessionTimeout=30000 watcher=org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeperMain$MyWatcher@c04fe90
    ZooKeeper -server host:port cmd args
            connect host:port
            get path [watch]
            ls path [watch]
            set path data [version]
            rmr path
            delquota [-n|-b] path
            quit 
            printwatches on|off
            create [-s] [-e] path data acl
            stat path [watch]
            close 
            ls2 path [watch]
            history 
            listquota path
            setAcl path acl
            getAcl path
            sync path
            redo cmdno
            addauth scheme auth
            delete path [version]
            setquota -n|-b val path
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTING) 1] 2017-08-28 22:31:56,509 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(mini2:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@966] - Opening socket connection to server mini2/192.168.25.202:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error)
    2017-08-28 22:31:56,510 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(mini2:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@849] - Socket connection established to mini2/192.168.25.202:2181, initiating session
    2017-08-28 22:31:56,517 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(mini2:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1207] - Session establishment complete on server mini2/192.168.25.202:2181, sessionid = 0x25e2bc9b9bb0000, negotiated timeout = 30000
    
    WATCHER::
    
    WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null
    
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 1] 
    
    • 查看客户端使用帮助
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 1] help
    ZooKeeper -server host:port cmd args
            connect host:port
            get path [watch]
            ls path [watch]
            set path data [version]
            rmr path
            delquota [-n|-b] path
            quit 
            printwatches on|off
            create [-s] [-e] path data acl
            stat path [watch]
            close 
            ls2 path [watch]
            history 
            listquota path
            setAcl path acl
            getAcl path
            sync path
            redo cmdno
            addauth scheme auth
            delete path [version]
            setquota -n|-b val path
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 2] 
    

    zookeeper特性

    • zookeeper特性
      1、Zookeeper:一个leader,多个follower组成的集群
      2、全局数据一致:每个server保存一份相同的数据副本,client无论连接到哪个server,数据都是一致的
      3、分布式读写,更新请求转发,由leader实施
      4、更新请求顺序进行,来自同一个client的更新请求按其发送顺序依次执行
      5、数据更新原子性,一次数据更新要么成功,要么失败
      6、实时性,在一定时间范围内,client能读到最新数据

    • zookeeper数据结构
      1、层次化的目录结构,命名符合常规文件系统规范(见下图)
      2、每个节点在zookeeper中叫做znode,并且其有一个唯一的路径标识
      3、节点Znode可以包含数据和子节点(但是EPHEMERAL类型的节点不能有子节点,下一页详细讲解)
      4、客户端应用可以在节点上设置监视器(后续详细讲解)

    zookeeper数据结构图
    • 创建数据节点并设置值
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /app1 "this is app1 node"
    Created /app1
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create /app1/server01 "hello192.168.25.202" 
    Created /app1/server01
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 6] ls /
    [app1, zookeeper]
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 7] ls /app1
    [server01]
    
    
    • 获取节点的值
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 8] get /app1
    "this
    cZxid = 0x200000004
    ctime = Mon Aug 28 22:49:47 EDT 2017
    mZxid = 0x200000004
    mtime = Mon Aug 28 22:49:47 EDT 2017
    pZxid = 0x200000005
    cversion = 1
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 5
    numChildren = 1
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 9] get /app1/server01
    "hello192.168.25.202"
    cZxid = 0x200000005
    ctime = Mon Aug 28 22:50:36 EDT 2017
    mZxid = 0x200000005
    mtime = Mon Aug 28 22:50:36 EDT 2017
    pZxid = 0x200000005
    cversion = 0
    dataVersion = 0
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 21
    numChildren = 0
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 10] 
    

    节点类型

    1. Znode有两种类型:
      短暂(ephemeral)(断开连接自己删除)
      持久(persistent)(断开连接不删除)
    2. Znode有四种形式的目录节点(默认是persistent )
      PERSISTENT
      PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL(持久序列/test0000000019 )
      EPHEMERAL
      EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL
    3. 创建znode时设置顺序标识,znode名称后会附加一个值,顺序号是一个单调递增的计数器,由父节点维护
    4. 在分布式系统中,顺序号可以被用于为所有的事件进行全局排序,这样客户端可以通过顺序号推断事件的顺序

    短暂节点

    • 创建短暂的节点
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 10] create -e /app-e "nihao"
    Created /app-e
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 11] ls /
    [app1, app-e, zookeeper]
    
    • 退出客户端再重新连接
    [zk: mini2:2181(CONNECTED) 13] quit
    [root@hadoop bin]# ./zkCli.sh
    
    • 查看数据
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
    [app1, zookeeper]
    

    app-e节点已经不存在

    • 短暂节点下不能创建永久节点
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create -e /abd nihao
    Created /abd
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /abd/abc nihao
    Ephemerals cannot have children: /abd/abc
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] 
    

    带序号的节点

    • 创建带序号的节点
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] create /test 888
    Created /test
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create -s /test/aa 888
    Created /test/aa0000000000
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] create -s /test/bb 888
    Created /test/bb0000000001
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create -s /test/aa 888
    Created /test/aa0000000002
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] 
    
    • 修改目录,序号重新开始计算
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] create -s /app1/aa 888
    Created /app1/aa0000000001
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] create -s /app1/bb 888
    Created /app1/bb0000000002
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] create -s /app1/aa 888
    Created /app1/aa0000000003
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] 
    

    修改节点的值

    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] set /app1 yyyy
    cZxid = 0x200000004
    ctime = Mon Aug 28 22:49:47 EDT 2017
    mZxid = 0x200000010
    mtime = Mon Aug 28 23:09:54 EDT 2017
    pZxid = 0x20000000f
    cversion = 4
    dataVersion = 1
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 4
    numChildren = 4
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 9] get /app1
    yyyy
    cZxid = 0x200000004
    ctime = Mon Aug 28 22:49:47 EDT 2017
    mZxid = 0x200000010
    mtime = Mon Aug 28 23:09:54 EDT 2017
    pZxid = 0x20000000f
    cversion = 4
    dataVersion = 1
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 4
    numChildren = 4
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] 
    

    注意:在集群中通过连接到一台主机的客户端修改了节点的值,在连接到另一台主机的客户端就能马上查询到修改后的值

    节点监听

    • 在连接mini1的客户端上执行
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] get /app1 watch
    yyyy
    cZxid = 0x200000004
    ctime = Mon Aug 28 22:49:47 EDT 2017
    mZxid = 0x200000010
    mtime = Mon Aug 28 23:09:54 EDT 2017
    pZxid = 0x20000000f
    cversion = 4
    dataVersion = 1
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 4
    numChildren = 4
    
    • 在连接mini2的客户端上执行
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] set /app1 uuyy
    cZxid = 0x200000004
    ctime = Mon Aug 28 22:49:47 EDT 2017
    mZxid = 0x200000012
    mtime = Mon Aug 28 23:15:51 EDT 2017
    pZxid = 0x20000000f
    cversion = 4
    dataVersion = 2
    aclVersion = 0
    ephemeralOwner = 0x0
    dataLength = 4
    numChildren = 4
    
    • 那么在连接mini1的客户端上会有输出
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] 
    WATCHER::
    
    WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/app1
    

    注意:监听是在获取数据的时候设置,监听只能是生效一次

    监听子节点

    • 在连接mini1的客户端上执行
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] ls /app1 watch
    [bb0000000002, aa0000000001, aa0000000003, server01]
    
    • 在连接mini2的客户端上执行
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /app1/aa nihao
    Created /app1/aa
    
    • 那么在连接mini1的客户端上会有输出
    [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] 
    WATCHER::
    
    WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeChildrenChanged path:/app1
    

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