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如果你细心的话，前文Zygote-Java文章中有一个核心调用没讲——caller.run();
本章将会描述该核心调用在什么时候被调用；
SystemServer是从Zygote的嫡子，下面从Zygote开始看看SystemServer的诞生；
startSystemServer
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
/**
* Prepare the arguments and fork for the system server process.
*/
private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName)
throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
......
/* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",//设置UID，GID
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,
1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",//进程名
"--runtime-args",
"com.android.server.SystemServer",//启动的类名
};
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);//参数转换
ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
/* Request to fork the system server process */
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( //Zygote fork出子进程，这里会调到JNI中
//com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp中的ForkAndSpecializeCommon，最终调用fork()创建SystemServer进程
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.debugFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
/* For child process */
if (pid == 0) {//pid==0 代表新的进程
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);//处理systemserver
}
return true;
}
step1:forkSystemServer(Zygote.java)——>step2:nativeForkSystemServer(Zygote.java) ——> (step3)(JNI)com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer(com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp)
——>(step4)ForkAndSpecializeCommon——>(step5)fork();
从Java世界到Native的fork();SystemServer进程被创建出来了；
handleSystemServerProcess
/**
* Finish remaining work for the newly forked system server process.
*/
private static void handleSystemServerProcess(
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
closeServerSocket();//关闭父进程创建的socket
// set umask to 0077 so new files and directories will default to owner-only permissions.
Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);//源码注释更好
if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);//设置进程名
}
final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");//adb shell进终端，
//echo $SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH，有值输出，不为空
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath);//预优化systemServerClasspath
}
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs;
// If we have a non-null system server class path, we'll have to duplicate the
// existing arguments and append the classpath to it. ART will handle the classpath
// correctly when we exec a new process.
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length + 2];
amendedArgs[0] = "-cp";
amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath;
System.arraycopy(parsedArgs.remainingArgs, 0, amendedArgs, 2, parsedArgs.remainingArgs.length);
}
WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args);
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
cl = new PathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
/*
* Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
*/
RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
//最终会调用这里
}
/* should never reach here */
}
Zygote进程创建的子进程会继承Zygote进程中创建的Socket文件描述符，再加上子进程又不会使用，所以这里就调用closeServerSocket函数来关闭。这里最终会调用
RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
Zygote-Java中讲到Zygote进程监听应用程序启动时也会执行RuntimeInit.zygoteInit步骤：
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "RuntimeInit");
redirectLogStreams();//重定向System.out和System.err到Android Log
commonInit();//初始化UA，时区等
nativeZygoteInit();//native初始化，在/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp中实现
applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;//静态变量
AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength)
......
{
......
gCurRuntime = this;
}
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
/*
* JNI registration.
*/
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
{ "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
(void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
{ "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
(void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit },
{ "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
(void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
};
gCurRuntime 在AndroidRuntime的构造函数中被初始化为this指针，而AndroidRuntime在Zygote进程的app_main.cpp中被AppRuntime继承并构造，所以此时的gCurRuntime指向AppRuntime ，所以nativeZygoteInit最终会调调到app_main.cpp中AppRuntime的onZygoteInit方法。
/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();//单列获取SystemServer的进程对象
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();//开启Binder线程池
}
这里创建了ProcessState对象，开启线程池用于Binder通信，标志这SystemServer具备了Binder通信的能力；因为后续会提到的AMS，PMS，PowerMS都是运行与SystemServer，ProcessState对象是单例对象,每个进程仅有一个，所以在这里初始化Binder，后续AMS，PMS等服务线程就可以直接使用。
再来看看/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java 的applicationInit
applicationInit
private static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
// If the application calls System.exit(), terminate the process
// immediately without running any shutdown hooks. It is not possible to
// shutdown an Android application gracefully. Among other things, the
// Android runtime shutdown hooks close the Binder driver, which can cause
// leftover running threads to crash before the process actually exits.
nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
// We want to be fairly aggressive about heap utilization, to avoid
// holding on to a lot of memory that isn't needed.
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);//设置SDK版本
final Arguments args;
try {
args = new Arguments(argv);//构造参数
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
Slog.e(TAG, ex.getMessage());
// let the process exit
return;
}
// The end of of the RuntimeInit event (see #zygoteInit).
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);//核心，args.startClass就
//是ZygoteInit.java中startSystemServer方法传递过来的参数
}
invokeStaticMain
/**
* Invokes a static "main(argv[]) method on class "className".
* Converts various failing exceptions into RuntimeExceptions, with
* the assumption that they will then cause the VM instance to exit.
*
* @param className Fully-qualified class name
* @param argv Argument vector for main()
* @param classLoader the classLoader to load {@className} with
*/
private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);//利用反射获取得到SystemServer
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
ex);
}
Method m;
try {
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });//获取SystemServer的main方法
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
//判断方法修饰符，必须是public和static
throw new RuntimeException(
"Main method is not public and static on " + className);
}
/*
* This throw gets caught in ZygoteInit.main(), which responds
* by invoking the exception's run() method. This arrangement
* clears up all the stack frames that were required in setting
* up the process.
*/
throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);//核心就是在此了，故意抛出这个异常，
//需要注意这个异常的参数
}
这里Method m=main()，argv从handleSystemServerProcess方法的parsedArgs.remainingArgs中传递过来；
这里抛出的异常在什么位置处理呢？？？这里源码注释也有讲到，向上寻找，发现在调用startSystemServer的ZygoteInit的main方法中：
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
main()——>>>>>>>>>
try {
...
if (startSystemServer) {
startSystemServer(abiList, socketName);//启动SystemServer
}
...
} catch(MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run(); //核心调用，故意抛出异常来处理
}
没错，这就是文章开头说Zygote-Java章节中没有提到的—— caller.run()
caller——>MethodAndArgsCaller——>ZygoteInit.java
/**
* Helper exception class which holds a method and arguments and
* can call them. This is used as part of a trampoline to get rid of
* the initial process setup stack frames.
*/
public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception
implements Runnable {
/** method to call */
private final Method mMethod;
/** argument array */
private final String[] mArgs;
public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
mMethod = method;
mArgs = args;
}
public void run() {
try {
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });//利用反射调用SystemServer的main方法
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
} else if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
}
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
这里mMethod就是前面前面的Method m=main()，mArgs从handleSystemServerProcess方法的parsedArgs.remainingArgs中传递过来；利用反射调用SystemServer 类的main方法；下面我们直接到SystemServer.java 的main方法：
/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
/**
* The main entry point from zygote.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
public SystemServer() {
// Check for factory test mode.
mFactoryTestMode = FactoryTest.getMode();
}
private void run() {
// If a device's clock is before 1970 (before 0), a lot of
// APIs crash dealing with negative numbers, notably
// java.io.File#setLastModified, so instead we fake it and
// hope that time from cell towers or NTP fixes it shortly.
if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.");
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
}
// If the system has "persist.sys.language" and friends set, replace them with
// "persist.sys.locale". Note that the default locale at this point is calculated
// using the "-Duser.locale" command line flag. That flag is usually populated by
// AndroidRuntime using the same set of system properties, but only the system_server
// and system apps are allowed to set them.
//
// NOTE: Most changes made here will need an equivalent change to
// core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
if (!SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.language").isEmpty()) {
final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag();
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag);
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", "");
}
// Here we go!
Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_SYSTEM_RUN, SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
// In case the runtime switched since last boot (such as when
// the old runtime was removed in an OTA), set the system
// property so that it is in sync. We can't do this in
// libnativehelper's JniInvocation::Init code where we already
// had to fallback to a different runtime because it is
// running as root and we need to be the system user to set
// the property. http://b/11463182
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2", VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmLibrary());
//重新设置虚拟机
// Enable the sampling profiler.
if (SamplingProfilerIntegration.isEnabled()) {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
mProfilerSnapshotTimer = new Timer();
mProfilerSnapshotTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeSnapshot("system_server", null);
}
}, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL);
}
// Mmmmmm... more memory!
VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();
// The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be
// as efficient as possible with its memory usage.
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
// Some devices rely on runtime fingerprint generation, so make sure
// we've defined it before booting further.
Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();
// Within the system server, it is an error to access Environment paths without
// explicitly specifying a user.
Environment.setUserRequired(true);
// Ensure binder calls into the system always run at foreground priority.
BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
// Prepare the main looper thread (this thread).
android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(
android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
Looper.prepareMainLooper();//准备Main Looper
// Initialize native services.
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
// Check whether we failed to shut down last time we tried.
// This call may not return.
performPendingShutdown();
// Initialize the system context.
createSystemContext();//创建System Context;
// Create the system service manager.
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();//核心：启动引导核心服务
startCoreServices(); //核心：启动核心服务
startOtherServices(); //核心：启动其他服务
/**
* 很多系统服务都是从这里启动，什么AMS，PMS等等，都是从这里启动；
* 所以这些服务都是运行在SystemServer进程，只是不同的服务运行于不同的线程；
*/
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
}
// For debug builds, log event loop stalls to dropbox for analysis.
if (StrictMode.conditionallyEnableDebugLogging()) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Enabled StrictMode for system server main thread.");
}
// Loop forever.
Looper.loop();//进入无限循环
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
到这里SystemServer就启动完成，进入无限循环；对于系统服务的启动这里暂时不讲，后续讲到各个服务的时候会说道；这里我们知道Android 系统服务是如何启动:
- Linux 启动Init进程，Init进程通过解析init.rc脚本创建Zygote进程和相关服务端Socket；
- Zygote进程负责启动SystemServer进程和循环监听处理AMS启动应用进程的请求；
- SystemServer进程启动系统服务，如ActivityManagerService，PackageManagerService等；
- 启动Android应用程序时，ActivityManagerService会通过Socket向Zygote进程发送数据，由Zygote创建新的应用进程。
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