mysql> -- 模式匹配
mysql> -- 找出以‘b’开头的名字
mysql> select * from pet where name like 'b%';
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from pet where name like 'B%';
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> -- 不区分大小写
mysql> --
mysql> --
mysql> --
mysql> -- 找出以fy结尾的名字
mysql> select * from pet where name like '%fy';
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> -- 找出包含'w'的名字
mysql> select * from pet where name like '%w%';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> -- 找出正好包含5个字符的名字，使用‘_’字符进行匹配
mysql> select * from pet where name like '_____';
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
由MySQL提供的模式匹配的其它类型是使用扩展正则表达式。当你对这类模式进行匹配测试时，使用REGEXP和NOT REGEXP操作符(或RLIKE和NOT RLIKE，它们是同义词)。
扩展正则表达式的一些字符是：
· ‘.’匹配任何单个的字符。
· 字符类“[...]”匹配在方括号内的任何字符。例如，“[abc]”匹配“a”、“b”或“c”。为了命名字符的范围，使用一个“-”。“[a-z]”匹配任何字母，而“[0-9]”匹配任何数字。
· “ * ”匹配零个或多个在它前面的字符。例如，“x”匹配任何数量的“x”字符，“[0-9]”匹配任何数量的数字，而“.*”匹配任何数量的任何字符。
如果REGEXP模式与被测试值的任何地方匹配，模式就匹配(这不同于LIKE模式匹配，只有与整个值匹配，模式才匹配)。
为了定位一个模式以便它必须匹配被测试值的开始或结尾，在模式开始处使用“^”或在模式的结尾用“$”。
mysql> -- 找出以b开头的名字，使用‘^’匹配名字的开始
mysql> select * from pet where name regexp '^b';
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> -- 强制让regexp比较区分大小写，使用binary关键字使其中的一个字符串变为二进制字符串mysql> -- 该查询只匹配名称^CCtrl-C -- exit!
Aborted
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ mysql -u zhang -p menagerie
Enter password:
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 38
Server version: 5.5.52-0+deb8u1 (Raspbian)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> -- 该查询只匹配名称首字母的小写‘b’
mysql> select * from pet where name recexp binary '^b';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'recexp binary '^b'' at line 1
mysql> select * from pet where name regexp binary '^b';
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> -- 查找以‘fy’结尾的名字，使用‘$’匹配名字的结尾
mysql> select * from pet where name regexp 'fy$';
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> -- 找出包含一个‘w’的名字
mysql> select * from pet where name regexp 'w';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> -- 找出包含正好5个字符的名字，使用“^”和“$”匹配名字的开始和结尾，和5个“.”实例在两 者之间
mysql> select * from pet where name regexp '^.....$';
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> -- 也可以使用“{n}”“重复n次”操作符重写前面的查询
mysql> select * from pet where name regexp '^.{5}$';
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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