正文
After Buffalo shooting video spreads, social platforms face questions
因布法罗枪击案视频传播，社交媒体平台饱受质疑
In March 2019, before a gunman murdered 51 people at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, he went live on Facebook to broadcast his attack. In October of that year, a man in Germany broadcast his own mass shooting live on Twitch, the Amazon-owned livestreaming site popular with gamers.
2019 年 3 月，一名枪手在新西兰基督城的两座清真寺杀害了 51 人。在袭击发生之前，他在脸书上进行了在线直播。同年 10 月，德国一名男子在 Twitch 上直播了自己的大规模枪击案。Twitch 是亚马逊旗下的线上直播平台，在游戏玩家中备受欢迎。
On Saturday, a gunman in Buffalo, New York, livestreamed on Twitch as he killed 10 people and injured three more at a grocery store. In a manifesto posted online, Payton S. Gendron, the 18-year-old whom authorities identified as the shooter, wrote that he had been inspired by the Christchurch gunman and others.***
周六（5 月 14 日），纽约州布法罗市的一名枪手进入一家杂货店，并在 Twitch 平台上“直播”杀人，造成 10 人死亡、3 人受伤。当局认定的枪手佩顿·S·金德伦现年 18 岁，他在一则网络宣言中写道，他受到了基督城枪手和其他人的启发。
Twitch said it reacted swiftly to take down the video of the Buffalo shooting, removing the stream within two minutes of the start of the violence. But two minutes was enough time for the video to be shared elsewhere. By Sunday, links to recordings of the video had circulated widely on other social platforms.
Twitch 平台表示，他们迅速作出反应，快速下架了布法罗枪击案的视频，并在暴行开始的两分钟内移除了直播。但是，两分钟已经足够这则视频在各处散播了。截止到当周的周日，视频录像的链接在其他社交平台上广泛流传。
Mass shootings — and live broadcasts — raise questions about the role and responsibility of social media sites in allowing violent and hateful content to proliferate. Many of the gunmen in the shootings have written that they developed their racist and antisemitic beliefs trawling online forums, and were spurred on by watching other shooters stream their attacks live.
大规模枪击事件和直播引发了人们的质疑，这些质疑主要关于社交媒体网站在允许暴力和仇恨内容扩散方面的所担当的角色和责任。许多枪击案的枪手写道，他们是在浏览线上论坛时产生的种族主义和反犹太信仰，并且受到其他枪手直播袭击的刺激。
"It's a sad fact of the world that these kind of attacks are going to keep on happening, and the way that it works now is there's a social media aspect as well," said Evelyn Douek, a senior research fellow at Columbia University's Knight First Amendment Institute. "It's totally inevitable and foreseeable these days. It's just a matter of when."
哥伦比亚大学奈特第一修正案研究所高级研究员伊夫林·杜克说，“这是世界上一个令人悲哀的事实——这种类型的袭击还会继续发生，而且这种袭击的运作方式也与社交媒体有关。如今，这完全是不可避免和可预见的，只是时间问题。”
主编：桃子、李李亚
品控：桃子、蘑菇
审核：Jack
重点词汇
live
/laɪv/
adv. 现场直播地
词性拓展：live（adj. 现场直播的）
搭配短语：a live recording（现场录音）
例句：The football match was broadcast live in 50 countries.
搭配短语：go live（现场直播；（系统等）开始运作）
例句：We'll be going live to Nottingham later.
livestream
/ˈlaɪv.striːm/
v. 线上直播
相关词汇：stream（v. 在线收听（或收看））
英文释义：to stream (a live event) over the Internet
例句：CCTV is livestreaming the show.
manifesto
/ˌmæn.əˈfes.toʊ/
n.（尤指政党的）宣言
搭配短语：an election manifesto（候选人的竞选宣言）
搭配短语："the Communist Manifesto"（《共产党宣言》）
authority
/əˈθɔːr.ə.t̬i/
n. 当局，官方
搭配短语：the health authorities（卫生部门）
搭配短语：the Civil Aviation Authority（民航局）
swiftly
/ˈswɪft.li/
adv. 迅速地，快速地
相关词汇：swift（adj. 迅速的，马上做出的）
搭配短语：a swift action（一次迅速的行动）
例句：The office was swift to deny the rumours.
take down
从互联网上删除（网址或文件）；拆卸，拆除
相关词汇：takedown（n. 删除）
英文释义：the removal of a website, web page, or file from the Internet
circulate
/ˈsɝː.kjə.leɪt/
v. 传播，流传；（液体或气体的）流通，循环
相关词汇：circle（n. 圆圈）
例句：Cooking odors circulate throughout the entire house.（（液体或气体的）流通，循环）
例句：Rumours began circulating that the Prime Minister was seriously ill.（传播，流传）
proliferate
/prəˈlɪf.ə.reɪt/
v. 激增
英文释义：to increase a lot and suddenly in number
例句：Small businesses have proliferated in the last ten years.
racist
/ˈreɪ.sɪst/
adj. 持种族偏见的，种族主义的
词性拓展：racist（n. 种族主义者）
搭配短语：racist violence（种族主义暴力）
搭配短语：racist remarks（种族主义言论）
antisemitic
/ˌæn.t̬i.səˈmɪ.tɪk/
adj. 反对犹太人的，歧视犹太人的
词根词缀：anti-（表示“反对”）
相关词汇：semitic（n. 犹太人）
近义词：Jewish
trawl
/trɑːl/
v. 查阅（资料），搜集，搜罗；用拖网捕鱼
搭配短语：to trawl for information in the library
spur
/spɝː/
v. 促进，加速，刺激（某事发生）；（用马刺）策马前行
词性拓展：spur（n. 马刺）
搭配短语：to spur the horse（策马前行）
搭配短语：to spur investment and help economic growth（刺激投资，帮助经济增长）
例句：I was spurred into action by past failures.
同义短语：spur on
inevitable
/ˌɪnˈev.ə.t̬ə.bəl/
adj. 不可避免的，必然发生的
例句：It seems inevitable that there would be job losses.
搭配短语：the inevitable（不可避免的情况）
例句：You have to learn to accept the inevitable.
foreseeable
/fɔːrˈsiː.ə.bəl/
adj.（事件或情形）可预见的，可预知的
搭配短语：in / for the foreseeable future
例句：Will the Covid-19 pandemic end in the foreseeable future?
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