title: rsync你不知道的那些错误
tags: longzy 2018-11-25
这周想写的东西还没有完全消化,所以等后面再写!前段时间的一个项目有用到rsync,这次总结下关于rsync的基本用法和一些常见的错误!
一,rsync 的工作方式
- Local: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]
Access via remote shell:
- Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]
- Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST
Access via rsync daemon:
Pull:
- rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]
- rsync [OPTION...] rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC... [DEST]
Push:
- rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST
- rsync [OPTION...] SRC... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
其中,第一个路径参数一定是源文件路径,即作为同步基准的一方,可以同时指定多个源文件路径。最后一个路径参数则是目标文件路径,也就是待同步方。路径的格式可以是本地路径,也可以是使用user@host:path或user@host::path的远程路径,如果主机和path路径之间使用单个冒号隔开,表示使用的是远程shell通信方式,而使用双冒号隔开的则表示的是连接rsync daemon。另外,连接rsync daemon时,还提供了URL格式的路径表述方式rsync://user@host/path。由于rsync已经嵌入到内核的版本中,所以更详细的请参考:在linux执行rsync -h命令
二,注意事项
- 使用rsync一定要注意的一点是,源路径如果是一个目录的话,带上尾随斜线和不带尾随斜线是不一样的,不带尾随斜线表示的是整个目录包括目录本身,带上尾随斜线表示的是目录中的文件,不包括目录本身。
- 如果仅有一个SRC或DEST参数,则将以类似于"ls -l"的方式列出源文件列表(只有一个路径参数,总会认为是源文件),而不是复制文件。
三,常见错误
3.1 No route to host
rsync服务端开启的iptables防火墙
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: No route to host (113)
rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
关闭rsync服务端的防火墙服务(iptables)
[root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
3.2 ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a /
rsync客户端执行rsync命令错误:
客户端的错误现象:
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::/backup
ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a /
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
rsync命令语法理解错误,::/backup是错误的语法,应该为::backup(rsync模块)
3.3 @ERROR: auth failed on module backup 或 @ERROR: auth failed on module oldboy
客户端的错误现象:
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
Password:
@ERROR: auth failed on module backup
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
- 密码真的输入错误,用户名真的错误
- secrets file = /etc/rsync.password指定的密码文件和实际密码文件名称不一致
- /etc/rsync.password文件权限不是600
- rsync_backup:123456密码配置文件后面注意不要有空格
- rsync客户端密码文件中只输入密码信息即可,不要输入虚拟认证用户名称
3.4 @ERROR: Unknown module 'backup'
Unknown module 'backup'
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
@ERROR: Unknown module 'backup'
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
1、 /etc/rsyncd.conf配置文件模块名称书写错误
2、配置文件中网段限制不对
3.5 Permission denied
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
Password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
rsync: mkstemp ".hosts.5z3AOA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13)
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 63.71 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 1.57
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
- 共享目录的属主和属组不正确,不是rsync
- 共享目录的权限不正确,不是755
3.6 chdir failed
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
Password:
@ERROR: chdir failed
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
1. 备份存储目录没有建立
2. 建立的备份存储目录和配置文件定义不一致
[root@backup backup]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory [ OK ]
说明:如果没有备份存储目录,xinetd服务都不能正确启动
3.7 invalid uid rsync
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
Password:
@ERROR: invalid uid rsync
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
rsync服务对应rsync虚拟用户不存在了
3.8 客户端已经配置了密码文件,但免秘钥登录方式,依旧需要输入密码
password file must not be other-accessible
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
password file must not be other-accessible
continuing without password file
Password:
sending incremental file list
sent 26 bytes received 8 bytes 5.23 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 10.26
异常问题解决:
rsync客户端的秘钥文件也必须是600权限
3.9 rsync客户端连接慢问题
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] name lookup failed for 172.16.1.31: Name or service not known
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] connect from UNKNOWN (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@unknown (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
正确日志输出
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] connect from nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
异常问题解决:
查看日志进行分析
3.10 rsync服务没有正确启动Connection refused (111)
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: Connection refused (111)
rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
解决 rsync服务没开启
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync --daemon
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# ss -lntup |grep rsync
tcp LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::* users:(("rsync",1434,5))
tcp LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:* users:(("rsync",1434,4))
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
Password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 49.56 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 1.57
3.11 port 22: Connection refused
环境:本地服务器集群内部传输利用远程ssh 报错
利用(telnet 172.16.1.31 22) 排查服务监听状态后采取的解决方法
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync /etc/hosts 172.16.1.31:/tmp
ssh: connect to host 172.16.1.31 port 22: Connection refused
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(600) [sender=3.0.6]
排错思路:
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# ping 172.16.1.31
PING 172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.628 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.393 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.06 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.745 ms
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# traceroute 172.16.1.31
traceroute to 172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 nfs01 (172.16.1.31) 0.597 ms 0.189 ms 0.965 ms
/etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@backup ~]#
[root@backup ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 22
p 0 0 10.0.0.31:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1187/sshd
故障原因:无法连接
解决方法:
[root@oldboy-backup-41]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 10.0.0.31 改为 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
总结:内网传输通过SSH pro 22 表明22端口链接不上
3.12 --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option
没有正确输入password文件名
报错:--passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option
错误案例 本地rsync.password 文件要保持一致缺少字母都会报错
echo "123456">>/etc/rsync.passwd
[root@nfs01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.passwd
-rw------- 1 root root 7 Mar 9 13:47 /etc/rsync.passwd
[root@nfs01 ~]# rsync -az -P /root/ rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd
rsync: --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1422) [client=3.0.6]
正确做法:
[root@nfs01 ~]# echo "123456">>/etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.password
-rw------- 1 root root 7 Mar 9 13:49 /etc/rsync.password
rsync -az -P /server/files/secure-20161219 rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
secure-20161219
51053780 100% 14.31MB/s 0:00:03 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1)
rsync: mkstemp ".secure-20161219.lcnuWA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13)
sent 2210982 bytes received 27 bytes 491335.33 bytes/sec
total size is 51053780 speedup is 23.09
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]
[root@backup ~]# ls /backup/
100.log cc.txt optimize-init_sys.sh
anaconda-ks.cfg
1)可能是服务没有开启
2)iptables SELinux
3)本次遇见sshd传输受限 限制了传输的ip(安全)
总结:
当然还有很多错误没有遇到,这里只是工作中写出经常碰到的!
四,排错思路
4.1 Rsync服务端排错思路
- 查看rsync服务配置文件路径是否正确 /etc/rsyncd.conf
- 查看配置文件例的host allow,host deny,允许的ip网段是否是允许客户端访问的ip网段
- 查看配置文件中path参数里的路径是否存在,权限是否正确(正常应为配置文件中的UUID参数对应的属主和组)
- 查看rsync服务是否启动,端口是否存在 ps -ef netstat -lntup
- 查看iptables防火墙和SELinux是否开启允许rsync服务通过,也可以关闭
- 查看服务端rsync配置文件里的密码权限是否为600 密码文件格式是否正确,正确格式(用户名:密码)文件路径和配置文件里的secrect files 参数对应
- 如果是推送数据,要查看,配置rsyncd.conf 文件中用户是否对模块下目录有可读的权限
4.2 客户端排错思路
- 查看客户端rsync配置的密码文件是否为600的权限,密码文件格式是否正确,注意:仅需要有密码,并且和服务端的密码一致
- 用telnet链接rsync服务器ip地址873端口,查看服务是否启动(可测试服务端防火墙是否阻挡telnet10.0.0.100 873)
- 客户端执行命令是 rsync -avzP rsync_backup@10.0.0.100::backup/test/test/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
- 此命令要记清楚尤其10.0.0.100::backup/test/处的双引号及随后的backup为模块名称
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