你真的弄清楚 IOS 中的地理位置的获取了吗？

作者: 修行猿 | 来源:发表于2016-08-08 22:22 被阅读3181次

1.在前台的时候获取地理位置信息

ios 8/9

在info.plist中配置NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription的值，否则上面的方法无效
调用.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()获取前台获取地理位置权限
调用.startUpdatingLocation()

代码示例

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {
       let locate  = CLLocationManager()
        locate.delegate = self
        locate.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        return locate
    }()
    override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<UITouch>, withEvent event: UIEvent?) {
        self.locateM.startUpdatingLocation()
    }
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{
    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        print("位置信息已经更新")
    }
}

2.前后台获取，但是后台获取的时候，屏幕上方有蓝框提示用户正在后台获取

ios8

调用.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()获取前台获取地理位置权限
在info.plist中配置NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription的值，否则上面的方法无效
设置Capabilities>BackgroundModes>Location Updates 打对勾
调用.startUpdatingLocation()

ios9

调用.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()获取前台获取地理位置权限
设置 .allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true (ios 9需要执行)
在info.plist中配置NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription的值，否则上面的方法无效
设置Capabilities>BackgroundModes>Location Updates 打对勾 (如果第二步做了，此步没做，直接crash)
调用.startUpdatingLocation()

ios8/ios9可以后台蓝框定位的代码示例:

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {
       let locate  = CLLocationManager()
        locate.delegate = self
        locate.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
        if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {
            locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true
        }
        return locate
    }()
    override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<UITouch>, withEvent event: UIEvent?) {
    
        
        self.locateM.startUpdatingLocation()
    }
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{
    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        print("位置信息已经更新")
    }
}

3.后台获取，后台获取的时候，屏幕上方无蓝框提示

调用.requestAlwaysAuthorization()获取前台获取地理位置权限
在info.plist中配置NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription的值，否则上面的方法无效
设置 .allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true (ios 9需要执行)
设置Capabilities>BackgroundModes>Location Updates 打对勾 (本步骤在ios 8中可以不做设置，但是在ios9中如果第三步做了，而此步没有做，直接crash)
调用.startUpdatingLocation()

代码示例

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {
       let locate  = CLLocationManager()
        locate.delegate = self
        locate.requestAlwaysAuthorization()
        if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {
            locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true
        }
        return locate
    }()
    override func touchesBegan(touches: Set<UITouch>, withEvent event: UIEvent?) {
    
        
        self.locateM.startUpdatingLocation()
    }
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{
    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateLocations locations: [CLLocation]) {
        print("位置信息已经更新")
    }
}

4.权限改变的通知

注意：在Denied或者NotDetermined的状态下startUpdatingLocation,开始监听之后,当状态改变成允许的状态时，会直接进入监听状态，不必再次调用startUpdateingLocation

func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didChangeAuthorizationStatus status: CLAuthorizationStatus) {
        switch status {
        case .AuthorizedAlways:
            print("始终")
        case .AuthorizedWhenInUse:
            print("使用的时候")
        case .Denied:
            print("拒绝")
            if CLLocationManager.locationServicesEnabled() {
                print("真拒绝了")
            }else{
                print("是关闭了定位服务")
            }
        case .NotDetermined:
            print("第一次，尚未决定")
        case .Restricted:
            print("没有权限的")

        }
    }

5.过滤距离

很多时候我们需要监听函数只调用一次来获取用户当前的位置

在监听函数中停止监听
设置监听的过滤距离

  //如果监听器已经开启,此值修改之后立即生效
  self.locateM.distanceFilter = 100 //每100米，调用一次监听

6.精度

注意:越精确越耗电,定位的时间越长，如果要定位城市，没有必要选最精确的

  self.locateM.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest
 //kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation
 //kCLLocationAccuracyBest
 //kCLLocationAccuracyNearestTenMeters
 //kCLLocationAccuracyHundredMeters
 //kCLLocationAccuracyKilometer
 //kCLLocationAccuracyThreeKilometers

7.CLLocation详解


public var coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D { get }     //经纬度
public var altitude: CLLocationDistance { get }           //海拔
public var horizontalAccuracy: CLLocationAccuracy { get } //位置信息是否有效，如果为负数，则无效  
public var verticalAccuracy: CLLocationAccuracy { get }   //海拔数据是否有效，如果为负数，则无效  
public var course: CLLocationDirection { get }            //当前的角度(0-359.9)
public var speed: CLLocationSpeed { get }                 //当前的速度     
public var timestamp: NSDate { get }                      //位置确定的时间戳       
public var floor: CLFloor? { get }                        //楼层(前提是已经注册的建筑),如果没有为nil      

//计算两个经纬度之间的距离       
public func distanceFromLocation(location: CLLocation) -> CLLocationDistance

8.指南针小例子

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    
    @IBOutlet weak var mImageView: UIImageView!
    lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {
       let locate  = CLLocationManager()
        locate.delegate = self
        locate.requestAlwaysAuthorization()
        if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {
            locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true
        }
        return locate
    }()
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        if(CLLocationManager.headingAvailable()){
            self.locateM.startUpdatingHeading()
        }else{
            print("当前磁力计有问题")
        }   
    }
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{
    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didUpdateHeading newHeading: CLHeading) {
        //1.拿到当前设备对正朝向的角度
        let angle = newHeading.magneticHeading
        //2.把角度转换成弧度
        let hudu = CGFloat(angle / 180 * M_PI)
        //3.反向旋转照片
        UIView.animateWithDuration(0.5) { 
            self.mImageView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(-hudu)
        }
    }
}

9.区域的监听

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    lazy var locateM : CLLocationManager = {
       let locate  = CLLocationManager()
        locate.delegate = self
        locate.requestAlwaysAuthorization()
        if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {
            locate.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true
        }
        return locate
    }()
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        //首先应该判断当前是否可以监听某个区域
        if CLLocationManager.isMonitoringAvailableForClass(CLCircularRegion){
            //1.创建区域
            let center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(21.123, 121.345)
            var  distance : CLLocationDistance = 1000
            //限制监听的范围不能超过最大的范围
            if distance < locateM.maximumRegionMonitoringDistance{
                distance = locateM.maximumRegionMonitoringDistance
            }
            let region = CLCircularRegion(center: center, radius: distance, identifier: "xiaoxiao")
            //2.监听区域
            self.locateM.startMonitoringForRegion(region)
            //3.判断当前状态是否是在区域内还是区域外，
            //在`didDetermineState`代理方法中获得结果
            self.locateM.requestStateForRegion(region)
        }
    }
}
extension ViewController : CLLocationManagerDelegate{
    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didEnterRegion region: CLRegion) {
        print("进入了区域"+region.identifier)
    }
    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didExitRegion region: CLRegion) {
        print("出了区域"+region.identifier)
    }
    func locationManager(manager: CLLocationManager, didDetermineState state: CLRegionState, forRegion region: CLRegion) {
        //获取刚开始是否在区域内或者区域外
        if region.identifier == "xiaoxiao"{
            switch state {
            case .Inside:
                print("已经是区域内的")
            case .Outside:
                print("没有在区域内")
            case .Unknown:
                print("不清楚")
            }
        }
    }
}

10.地理编码与反地理编码

地理编码

let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()
geoCoder.geocodeAddressString("广州") { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error : NSError?) in
     if error == nil{
        print("地址编码成功")
        print(pls?.last?.location)
     }else{
        print("错误 \(error)")
     }       
}

打印

地址编码成功
Optional(<+23.12517800,+113.28063700> +/- 100.00m (speed -1.00 mps / course -1.00) @ 8/14/16, 9:49:22 PM China Standard Time)

反地理编码

let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()
geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation(CLLocation(latitude:23.125,longitude: 113.280)) { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error:NSError?) in
            if error == nil{
                print("地址反编码成功 城市:\(pls?.last?.locality)")
                print(pls?.last?.addressDictionary)
            }else{
                print("错误 \(error)")
            }
        }

打印

地址反编码成功 城市:Optional("Guangzhou")
Optional([SubLocality: Yuexiu, Street: Yunhai Tongjin No.11, State: Guangdong, CountryCode: CN, Thoroughfare: Yunhai Tongjin No.11, Name: Luo Sangmeidi, Country: China, FormattedAddressLines: <__NSArrayM 0x7ff1da5652d0>(
Yunhai Tongjin No.11 Yuexiu,
Guangzhou,
Guangdong China
)
, City: Guangzhou])

注意同一个CLGeocoder对象，不能同时编码与反编码
比如

        let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()
        geoCoder.geocodeAddressString("广州") { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error : NSError?) in
            ...
            
        }
        geoCoder.reverseGeocodeLocation(CLLocation(latitude:23.125,longitude: 113.280)) { (pls:[CLPlacemark]?, error:NSError?) in
            ...
        }

这样只会打印第一个编码成功的结果

11.CLPlacemark对象详解


@NSCopying public var location: CLLocation? { get }              //经纬度
@NSCopying public var region: CLRegion? { get }                  //所关联的地理区域
@available(iOS 9.0, *)
@NSCopying public var timeZone: NSTimeZone? { get }              //时间域
public var addressDictionary: [NSObject : AnyObject]? { get }    //详细地址信息

//addressDictionary中的属性
public var name: String? { get }                   //名字 
public var thoroughfare: String? { get }           //街道名字
public var subThoroughfare: String? { get }        //子街道名字
public var locality: String? { get }               //城市名称
public var subLocality: String? { get }            //邻城市名称
public var administrativeArea: String? { get }     //行政区域 比如:CA
public var subAdministrativeArea: String? { get }  //子行政区域
public var postalCode: String? { get }             //邮政编码
public var ISOcountryCode: String? { get }         //国家代码表
public var country: String? { get }                //国家
public var inlandWater: String? { get }            //内陆水域
public var ocean: String? { get }                  //海洋
public var areasOfInterest: [String]? { get }      //兴趣点

以上均为看小码哥视频所总结

网友评论

JopiNFlyyy:请问startUpdatingLocation能设置时间间隔吗
_comeSoon:看来小码哥没告诉你，这才是“iOS”的正确写法，调整一下吧？
修行猿:@直持小崔有道理
直持小崔:@六道真君乔爷死不瞑目打死你
修行猿:@_comeSoon 我知道，但是并不喜欢这样的写法。太丑，还不习惯。

本文标题：你真的弄清楚 IOS 中的地理位置的获取了吗？

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