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stackoverflow python 百问笔记

stackoverflow python 百问笔记

作者: 码农小杨 | 来源:发表于2017-09-30 17:56 被阅读14次

    原文链接:http://www.wklken.me/posts/2013/07/20/python-stackoverflow-vote-top.html#

    1:所有可迭代对象都可以被连接,但是连接者总是字符串
    代码:

    In [38]: tuple = ('nihao', 'world')
    
    In [39]: '-'.join(tuple)
    Out[39]: 'nihao-world'
    
    In [40]: list = ['nihao', 'world']
    
    In [41]: '-'.join(list) 
    Out[41]: 'nihao-world'
    

    2:如何扁平一个二维数组
    使用耳机列表表达式
    代码:

    In [43]: [item for sublist in l for item in sublist] 
    Out[43]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
    

    3:列表的append和extend的区别
    代码:

    In [44]: x = [1,2]
    
    In [45]: x.append(3)
    
    In [46]: x.append([4,5])
    
    In [47]: x
    Out[47]: [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
    
    In [48]: x = [1,2]
    
    In [49]: x.extend(3)
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
    <ipython-input-49-1468def59dc4> in <module>()
    ----> 1 x.extend(3)
    
    TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
    
    In [50]: x.extend([4,5])
    
    In [51]: x
    Out[51]: [1, 2, 4, 5]
    

    append是列表的追加,追加对象没有限制
    extend是列表的合并,合并对象为可迭代

    4:如何随机从列表中抽取变量
    代码:

    In [52]: foo = ['a','b','c','d']
    
    In [53]: from random import choice
    
    In [54]: print(choice(foo))
    d
    
    In [55]: foo
    Out[55]: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
    

    5:如何将一个列表切分成若干个长度相同的子序列
    代码:

    In [73]: l = range(1,1000)
    
    In [74]: def chunks(l,n):
        ...:     return [l[i:i+n] for i in range(0,len(l), n)]
        ...: 
    
    In [75]: print(chunks(l,10))
    

    6:如何随机生成大写字母和数字组成的字符串
    代码:

    In [77]: import string, random
    
    In [78]: ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits) for x in range(6))
    Out[78]: '5GPRUP'
    

    7:如何判断一个字符串是数字
    使用isdigit(但是只能针对于整数组成的字符串有效)

    In [83]: a = '1234'
    
    In [84]: a.isdigit()
    Out[84]: True
    In [89]: a = '123.0' 
    
    In [90]: a.isdigit()
    Out[90]: False
    

    通用的方法

    def is_number(s):
        try:
            float(s)
            return True
        except ValueError:
            return False
    

    8:获取安装的python模块列表
    代码:

    In [97]: help('modules')
    

    9:== 和is 在进行比较时候的差别
    代码:

    In [99]: a = 'pub' 
    
    In [100]: b = ''.join(['p','u','b']) 
    
    In [101]: b
    Out[101]: 'pub'
    
    In [102]: a == b 
    Out[102]: True
    
    In [103]: a is b 
    Out[103]: False
    
    In [104]: id(a)
    Out[104]: 4460394512
    
    In [105]: id(b) 
    Out[105]: 4460392376
    

    我们看到is检测的是内存地址是否相同,==是相等检测

    10:为何1 in [1,0] == True执行结果是False
    代码:

    In [108]: 1 in [1,0] 
    Out[108]: True
    
    In [109]: 1 in [1,0] == True 
    Out[109]: False
    
    In [110]: (1 in [1,0]) == True 
    Out[110]: True
    
    In [111]: 1 in ([1,0] = True)
      File "<ipython-input-111-ec32f1176011>", line 1
        1 in ([1,0] = True)
                    ^
    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
    
    

    这里python使用了比较运算符链

    1 in [1,0] == True
    

    被转换为

    (1 in [1, 0]) and ([1, 0] == True)
    

    同样的

    In [112]: a = 1 
    
    In [113]: b = 2 
    
    In [114]: c = 3 
    
    In [115]: a < b < c 
    Out[115]: True
    

    会被转为

    (a < b) and (b < c) # b不会被解析两次
    

    11:将一个字符串转为一个字典
    使用内建模块 ast.literal_eval
    代码:

    In [116]: s = "{'muffin' : 'lolz', 'foo' : 'kitty'}" 
    
    In [117]: import ast 
    
    In [118]: ast.literal_eval(s)
    Out[118]: {'foo': 'kitty', 'muffin': 'lolz'}
    
    In [119]: s = ast.literal_eval(s)
    
    In [120]: s
    Out[120]: {'foo': 'kitty', 'muffin': 'lolz'}
    

    12:如何获取Python的site-packages目录位置
    代码:

    In [125]: from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib 
    
    In [126]: print(get_python_lib())
    /usr/local/Cellar/ipython/6.1.0/libexec/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    

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