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For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journalPsychological Science.
多年来，研究发现，第一代大学生(没有大学学位的父母)在一系列教育成就因素上落后于其他学生。 他们的成绩较低，辍学率较高。 但是，由于这些学生如果在高等教育中取得成功，最有可能在经济上取得进步，学院和大学几十年来一直在努力招收更多的这类学生。 根据《心理科学》(psychological Science)杂志一篇令人沮丧的论文的开头，这种情况造成了一种“悖论” : 招收第一代学生，但随后看到其中许多人失败，这意味着高等教育“继续繁衍和扩大，而不是缩小”基于社会阶层的成就差距。
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
但这篇文章实际上是相当乐观的，因为它勾勒出了一个解决这个问题的潜在方案，表明一种方法(包括一个小时的、几乎不花钱的课程)可以缩小第一代学生和其他学生之间63% 的成绩差距(以成绩等因素衡量)。
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
这篇论文的作者来自不同的大学，他们的研究结果是基于一个不知名的私立大学的147名学生(完成了这个项目)的研究。 第一代被定义为没有一个拥有四年大学学位的父母。 大多数第一代学生(59.1%)是佩尔助学金(Pell Grants)的受益者，佩尔助学金是为有经济需求的本科生提供的联邦助学金，而只有8.6% 的学生父母至少有一人拥有四年制学位。
Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
他们的论点——相对适度的干预可能会产生重大影响——是基于这样一种观点，即第一代学生最缺乏的可能不是潜力，而是如何处理大多数大学生面临的问题的实践知识。 他们引用过去几位作者的研究表明，这是必须缩小的差距，以弥合成就差距。
Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”
他们写道，许多第一代学生“在高等教育的中产阶级文化中挣扎，学习‘游戏规则'，并利用大学资源。”。 当大学不谈论不同班级学生的优缺点时，这就成了一个更大的问题。 “因为美国的学院和大学很少承认社会阶层如何影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代学生没有意识到他们为什么在苦苦挣扎，也不知道学生‘喜欢他们'是如何提高的。”
\26. Recruiting more first generation students has ________.
- 招收更多第一代学生。
[A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap
[ a ]降低了他们的辍学率[ b ]缩小了成绩差距
[C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students
[ c ]错过了最初的目的[ d ]抑郁的大学生
\27. The author of the research article are optimistic because ________.
- 这篇研究文章的作者很乐观，因为。
[A] the problem is solvable
这个问题是可以解决的
[B] their approach is costless
[ b ]他们的方法是无代价的
[C] the recruiting rate has increased
C. 招聘率提高了
[D] their findings appeal to students
D. 他们的研究结果对学生很有吸引力
\28. The study suggests that most first generation students ________.
- 研究表明，大多数第一代学生。
[A] study at private universities [B] are from singleparent families
[ a ]在私立大学学习[ b ]来自单亲家庭
[C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their collage
需要经济支持的，需要经济支持的，需要经济支持的，需要资金的
\29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students ________.
- 论文的作者认为，第一代学生。
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
实际上对成绩差距并不关心
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[ b ]可能对其他学生产生潜在的影响
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[ c ]可能缺乏申请研究项目的机会
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
D. 在大学里没有处理问题的经验
\30. We may infer from the last paragraph that ________.
我们可以从最后一段推断出。
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middleclass
[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
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