从今天开始每日一词开始学习名词,我们比较常见的是normal,形容词,意思为“正常的、平常的”,今天学习名词形式norm,意思是“行为准则、规范、常态、标准”,在有些语境下还可以翻译为“见怪不怪”“稀松平常”,英英释义:the usual or normal situation, way of doing sth
例句:
① In China marrying young is no longer the social norm.
② “norm” 可以用单数,可以用复数,作单数时一般会用“the norm”,常用作“be/become the norm”。比如,在很多国家私生子正在变得稀松平常,就可以说:
Births out of wedlock are becoming the norm in many countries.
母语非英语国家的国际学校一直都是双语教育,即:
Bilingual education remains the norm in international schools throughout non-English-speaking countries.
③ 男性应该比女性收入高这一情况基本没变,就可以说:
The social norm“men should earn more than their wives” remains unchanged.
④《经济学人》一篇关于虚拟现实和游戏的文章里有这么一句:
Immersive, 360-degree experiences, complete with touch and temperature sensations, should become the norm.
这句话的意思是:“配有触觉和温度感应的浸入式 360° 体验应该成为标配。” 就是说在未来,游戏应该是这个样子的。句子中的这些功能都是和之前的游戏相比而言的,因此句尾的“become the norm”还可以说“become the new norm”,即“成为新常态”。
⑤ 最后需要注意:“normal”还有一个派生词名词“normality,它和“norm”一样都是名词,但意思有区别。“normality”的意思是正常的状态,比如印尼发生地震后,一种常态都被打破了,因此就有了生活秩序恢复正常(go back to normality)的说法;而“norm”的意思是长期形成的一种规范,它和“exception”(“例外”)相对。
(1)使用《牛津英语搭配词典》查“norm”,了解它的常用搭配。
形容词+norm
接受的规范accepted norm;公认的规范established norm
伦理规范ethical norm;道德规范moral norm
文化规范cultural norm;社会规范social norm
动词+norm
符合规范conform to norm eg.Their behaviour conforms to the group norm.
违规break; 挑战规范challenge
偏离常态deviate from;不符合标准differ from
介词+norm
高于标准above the ~;低于标准below the ~;超过标准over the ~
eg. They want to discourage pay settlements over the norm. 他们想阻止实行超过正常标准的工资解决方案。
norm+介词
~ for …的标准 eg. Onscreen editing has become the norm for all student work. 在计算机屏幕上编辑已成为所有学生作业的标准要求。
~ of …的标准 eg. accepted norms of behaviour 公认的行为规范
违背常态a deviation/departure from the norm
常规之外的特例an exception to the norm
正常而非例外the norm rather than the exception
eg: In the inner-city areas, poverty is the norm rather than the exception. 在内城区,贫穷是正常现象而不是例外。
(2)翻译:
有创造力的人往往会挑战,甚至偏离常规,而不是固守常规。(翻译时建议参考《牛津英语搭配词典》)
Creative minds tend to challenge and even deviate from the norm, rather than conform to it.
Creative people always challenge and even deviate from the norm, rather than in accord with it.
(3)场景:我的孩子在她的年龄,身高是超过标准的。
造句:Of her age, my baby is above the norm in height.
场景:在东北令人难忘的冬天很平常,但人们还是震惊于2006年发生的暴风雪
造句:Even though impressive winters are the norm in the Northeast China, many people are surprised for the snowstorm of 2006.
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