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作业-第07周--课堂-Day31-集群架构前的准备

作业-第07周--课堂-Day31-集群架构前的准备

作者: MineG | 来源:发表于2019-04-14 14:51 被阅读0次

    Day31 课堂作业

    1. 集群简单介绍

    1、什么是集群?

    简单地说,集群就是一堆机器做同一件事,
    例如:www.jd.com提供卖东西服务这就是一件事,可能是几千台服务器,在背后运转支撑这个网站。
    www.baidu.com看着就是一个搜索框,背后可能是上万台服务器。

    2、为什么企业要用集群?

    • a. 7*24服务,需要多台机器同时工作,互为实时备份。
    • b. 高并发访问,需要多台服务器同时提供服务。

    3、集群特点

    • a.数据量大、用户多
    • b.7*24持续服务
    • c.高并发
    • d.用户分布广泛,网络情况复杂

    4、形象描述集群

    中小企业集群架构示意图

    2. 架构集群前的规划

    表1:服务器架构功能规划表

    服务器规划 数量(台) 主要功能
    Nginx 负载均衡服务器 2 对访问网站的流量进行分流,减少流量对某台服务器的压力
    Web 服务器 2 处理用户页面访问请求(Nginx,Apache)
    NFS 存储服务器 1 存储图片、附件、头像等静态数据
    Rsync 备份服务器 1 对全网服务器数据进行定时备份,NFS实时备份
    MySQL 数据库服务器 1 对动态变化数据进行存储(文本内容)
    管理服务器 1 主要是集群内部的管理相关功能业务 1、作为yum仓库服务器,提供全网服务器的软件下载2、跳板机、操作审计、vpn(pptp)、监控(zabbix); 3、批量分发和管理(ssh key+ansible) 4、无人值守系统安装服务 kickstart 如果机器够用,可以在分拆为不同的服务器独立实现服务

    表2:主机IP规划表

    服务器说明 eth0外网IP(NAT) eth1内网IP(LAN) 主机名称规划
    A1-负载服务器01 10.0.0.5/24 172.16.1.5/24 lb01
    A2-负载服务器02 10.0.0.6/24 172.16.1.6/24 lb01
    B1-web服务器01 10.0.0.7/24 172.16.1.7/24 web01
    B2-web服务器02 10.0.0.8/24 172.16.1.8/24 web02
    C1-NFS存储服务器 10.0.0.31/24 172.16.1.31/24 nfs01
    C2-rsync备份服务器 10.0.0.41/24 172.16.1.41/24 backup
    C3-mysql数据库服务器 10.0.0.51/24 172.16.1.51/24 db01
    X1-管理服务器 10.0.0.61/24 176.16.1.61/24 m01

    表3:服务器目录结构规划表

    目录说明 目录结构说明
    /server/scripts 服务器本地存放脚本程序的目录
    /server/tools 服务器本地存放软件安装包的目录
    /application/app-names 服务器本地软件安装的根目录,软件名不带版本号,如:/application/nginx
    /application/nginx/html Web服务器站点目录(bbs,blog,www,edu)
    /application/nginx/logs Web服务器日志{bbs、blog、www}_access.log
    /backup 服务器本地备份目录,也是备份服务器Rsync的备份目录
    /data NFS共享存储共享文件目录

    3. 架构集群前的准备

    本模板机选择的操作系统为Linux,版本为CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810,内核为:3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

    3.1、模板机操作:

    1、添加一块网卡

    1)、点击 编辑虚拟机设置

    2)、点击 添加

    3)、选择网络适配器,选完后点击 下一步

    4)、选择NAT模式,选完后点击 完成

    5)、选择网络适配器2,选完后右边选择 LAN区段 然后,再点击 LAN区段

    6)、选择 添加

    7)、设置LAN区段的IP段,选完后点击 确定

    8)、点击下拉按钮,然后后选择 刚配置的LAN区段 然后,再点击 确定

    2、图形化配置网卡

    1)、点击 开启此虚拟机

    2)、在命令行输入 nmtui命令,进行图形化配置网卡

    [root@oldboyedu ~]# nmtui
    

    3)、选择第一个(默认),然后回车

    4)、点击 add

    5)、选择第二个:以太网

    6)、依照下面步骤配置 eth1

    7)、依照下面步骤配置 eth0

    8)、点击 Back

    9)、上下键选择Quit

    10)、重启网卡,命令如下

    systemctl restart network
    

    10)、检查IP是否配置正确

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>输入ip a命令<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# ip a
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
           
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>eth0网卡信息<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:92:46:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.0.0.222/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::39be:515d:75e2:7e4a/64 scope link noprefixroute 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
           
     --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>eth1网卡信息<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:92:46:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 172.16.1.200/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::7:b893:a3f9:910d/64 scope link noprefixroute 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    

    4. 网站集群架构系统优化

    先优化模板机,然后克隆优化后的模板机,有的优化是生产场景优化,为了实验的方便,可以省略

    注:标有(实验环境)的,是实验环境,生产环境还是有变化的;标有(生产环境)是生产场景的优化,此处省略

    4.1、模板机操作:(实验环境)

    1、规范目录

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    mkdir -p /server/tools
    mkdir -p /server/scripts
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# mkdir -p /server/scripts
    

    2、配置所有主机域名解析

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    cat >/etc/hosts<<EOF
    127.0.0.1    localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    ::1          localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    172.16.1.5 lb01
    172.16.1.6 lb02
    172.16.1.7 web01
    172.16.1.8 web02
    172.16.1.9 web03
    172.16.1.31 nfs01
    172.16.1.41 backup
    172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
    172.16.1.61 m01
    EOF
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# cat >/etc/hosts<<EOF
    > 127.0.0.1    localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    > ::1          localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    > 172.16.1.5 lb01
    > 172.16.1.6 lb02
    > 172.16.1.7 web01
    > 172.16.1.8 web02
    > 172.16.1.9 web03
    > 172.16.1.31 nfs01
    > 172.16.1.41 backup
    > 172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
    > 172.16.1.61 m01
    > EOF
    

    3、基础优化操作项:更新yum源信息

    第一个:就近使用yum源地址,安装软件更快。

    curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    

    第二个:安装RHEL/CentOS官方源不提供的软件包

    curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
    

    4、安全优化

    1、关闭 selinux

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    sed -i 's#SELINUX=.*#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
    sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
    grep SELINUX=disabled /etc/selinux/config 
    setenforce 0
    getenforce
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=.*#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep SELINUX=disabled /etc/selinux/config 
    # SELINUX=disabled
    SELINUX=disabled
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# setenforce 0
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# getenforce
    Permissive
    

    2、关闭firewalld防火墙服务 (实验环境)

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
    systemctl status firewalld
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# systemctl status firewalld
    ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: inactive (dead)
         Docs: man:firewalld(1)
    
    Apr 12 21:48:12 oldboyedu systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
    Apr 12 21:48:14 oldboyedu systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
    Apr 12 22:18:32 oldboyedu systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
    Apr 12 22:18:32 oldboyedu systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# 
    

    5、基础优化操作项:设置普通用户提权操作(可选优化)

    提权oldboy可以利用sudo

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    useradd oldboy
    echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
    \cp /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.ori
    echo "oldboy  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL " >>/etc/sudoers
    tail -1 /etc/sudoers
    visudo -c
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# useradd oldboy
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
    Changing password for user oldboy.
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# \cp /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.ori
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo "oldboy ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL " >>/etc/sudoers
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# tail -1 /etc/sudoers
    oldboy ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# visudo -c
    /etc/sudoers: parsed OK
    

    6、设置系统中文UTF8字符集

    [root@oldboyedu ~]# cat /etc/locale.conf
    LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    cp /etc/locale.conf  /etc/locale.conf.ori
    echo 'LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"' >/etc/locale.conf  
    source /etc/locale.conf 
    echo $LANG
    或者
    cp /etc/locale.conf  /etc/locale.conf.ori
    localectl set-locale LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
    cat /etc/locale.conf 
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# cp /etc/locale.conf  /etc/locale.conf.ori
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo 'LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"' >/etc/locale.conf  
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# source /etc/locale.conf 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo $LANG
    zh_CN.UTF-8
    

    7、基础优化操作项:时间同步设置

    设置系统时间同步

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    yum install ntpdate -y
    /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp3.aliyun.com
    echo '#crond-id-001:time sync by oldboy' >>/var/spool/cron/root
    echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp3.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1">>/var/spool/cron/root
    crontab -l
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# yum install ntpdate -y
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp3.aliyun.com
    12 Apr 14:27:37 ntpdate[8480]: step time server 203.107.6.88 offset -28784.935648 sec
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo '#crond-id-001:time sync by oldboy' >>/var/spool/cron/root
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp3.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1">>/var/spool/cron/root
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# crontab -l
    #crond-id-001:time sync by oldboy
    */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp3.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1
    

    8、基础优化操作项:提升命令行操作安全性(可选优化)

    提升命令行安全(可选配置)

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    echo 'export TMOUT=300' >>/etc/profile
    echo 'export HISTSIZE=5' >>/etc/profile
    echo 'export HISTFILESIZE=5' >>/etc/profile
    tail -3 /etc/profile
    . /etc/profile
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo 'export TMOUT=300' >>/etc/profile
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo 'export HISTSIZE=5' >>/etc/profile
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo 'export HISTFILESIZE=5' >>/etc/profile
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# tail -3 /etc/profile
    export TMOUT=300
    export HISTSIZE=5
    export HISTFILESIZE=5
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# . /etc/profile
    

    9、基础优化操作项:加大文件描述符

    加大文件描述

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    echo '*               -       nofile          65535 ' >>/etc/security/limits.conf 
    tail -1 /etc/security/limits.conf
    ulimit -SHn   65535 
    ulimit -n       
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# echo '*               -       nofile          65535 ' >>/etc/security/limits.conf 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# tail -1 /etc/security/limits.conf
    *               -       nofile          65535 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# ulimit -SHn   65535 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# ulimit -n
    65535
    

    10、基础优化操作项:优化系统内核

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF
    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000    65000
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
    net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
    net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
    net.core.somaxconn = 16384
    net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
    #以下参数是对iptables防火墙的优化,防火墙不开会提示,可以忽略不理。
    net.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
    net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
    net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
    net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
    net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
    EOF
    sysctl -p
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF
    > net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
    > net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    > net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    > net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    > net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
    > net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000    65000
    > net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
    > net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
    > net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
    > net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
    > net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
    > net.core.somaxconn = 16384
    > net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384
    > net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
    > #以下参数是对iptables防火墙的优化,防火墙不开会提示,可以忽略不理。
    > net.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
    > net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000
    > net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180
    > net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
    > net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
    > net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
    > net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
    > net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
    > net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
    > net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
    > EOF
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# sysctl -p
    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000    65000
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
    net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
    net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
    net.core.somaxconn = 16384
    net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
    sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/nf_conntrack_max: 没有那个文件或目录
    sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_max: 没有那个文件或目录
    sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established: 没有那个文件或目录
    sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait: 没有那个文件或目录
    sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait: 没有那个文件或目录
    sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait: 没有那个文件或目录
    net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
    net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
    net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
    net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# sysctl -p
    

    11、基础优化操作项:安装系统常用软件

    CentOS6CentOS7都要安装的企业运维常用基础工具包

    yum install tree nmap dos2unix lrzsz nc lsof wget tcpdump htop iftop iotop sysstat nethogs -y
    

    CentOS7要安装的企业运维常用基础工具包

    yum install psmisc net-tools bash-completion vim-enhanced -y
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# yum install tree nmap dos2unix lrzsz nc lsof wget tcpdump htop iftop iotop sysstat nethogs -y
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# yum install psmisc net-tools bash-completion vim-enhanced -y
    

    12、扩展优化操作项-修改yum.conf文件配置信息

    保留yum安装的软件包
    /etc/yum.conf中的keepcache=0改为keepcache=1,为日后一键安装网站集群留好rpm及依赖工具包。

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# grep "keepcache" /etc/yum.conf
    keepcache=1
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# 
    

    13. 锁定关键系统文件(生产环境)

    比如:/etc/passwd/etc/shadow/etc/group/etc/gshadow/etc/inittab
    处理以上内容后把chattrlsattr改名为oldboy,转移走,这样就安全多了。

    14、基础优化操作项:优化SSH远程连接效率(生产环境)

    禁止root远程连接
    修改默认22端口,改为52113
    监听内网服务器IP

    15、清空/etc/issue、/etc/issue.net,去除系统及内核版本登录前的屏幕显示

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    >/etc/issue
    >/etc/issue.net
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# >/etc/issue
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# >/etc/issue.net
    

    16、清除多余的系统虚拟用户账号(生产环境)

    17、 为grub引导菜单加密码(生产环境)

    18. 禁止主机被ping(内核参数)(生产环境)

    19. 打补丁并升级有已知漏洞的软件(生产环境)

    yum update
    

    20、精简开机自启动服务

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    systemctl list-unit-files |grep enable|egrep -v "sshd.service|crond.service|sysstat|rsyslog|^NetworkManager.service|irqbalance.service"|awk '{print "systemctl disable",$1}'|bash
    systemctl list-unit-files |grep enable
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep enable|egrep -v "sshd.service|crond.service|sysstat|rsyslog|^NetworkManager.service|irqbalance.service"|awk '{print "systemctl disable",$1}'|bash
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/abrt-ccpp.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/abrt-oops.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/abrt-vmcore.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/abrt-xorg.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/abrtd.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/auditd.service.
    Failed to execute operation: Unit name autovt@.service is missing the instance name.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service.
    Failed to execute operation: No such file or directory
    Failed to execute operation: Unit name getty@.service is missing the instance name.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/microcode.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/rhel-autorelabel.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rhel-configure.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/rhel-dmesg.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/rhel-domainname.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/rhel-import-state.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/rhel-loadmodules.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/local-fs.target.wants/rhel-readonly.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.wants/systemd-readahead-collect.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/system-update.target.wants/systemd-readahead-drop.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.wants/systemd-readahead-replay.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tuned.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/vmtoolsd.service.requires/vgauthd.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vmtoolsd.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/remote-fs.target.
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep enable
    autovt@.service                               enabled 
    crond.service                                 enabled 
    getty@.service                                enabled 
    irqbalance.service                            enabled 
    rsyslog.service                               enabled 
    sshd.service                                  enabled 
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# 
    

    保留的服务:
    sshdcrondsysstatrsyslogNetworkManagerirqbalance

    企业生产最小化原则:
    1、安装软件包最小化。
    2、用户权限最小化。
    3、目录文件权限最小化。
    4、自启动服务最小化。
    5、服务运行用户最小化。

    [root@oldboyedu ~]# netstat -lntup
    Active Internet connections (only servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7072/sshd           
    tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      7072/sshd 
    

    21、显示优化(可选优化)

    1, vim /etc/bashrc-------用vim编辑/etc/bashrc文件

    [root@oldboy-58-wjc ~]# vim /etc/bashrc
    

    2,: set nu ---------显示行号

    3,按小键盘向下箭头按键,找到第41行

    4,把光标移动到“[”左边,按i进入编辑模式,按#键

    5,按ESC键,退出编辑模式,然后按“o(哦)”,到下一行进入编辑模式。

    6,粘贴 :

    [ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "
    

    (粘贴的东西,以[开头,以”结尾,就是全部,万万别粘贴错了)

    7,按esc退出编辑模式,而后按 : wq,保存退出

    8,输入‘su’

    如下图所示

    4.2、模板机拍摄快照

    4.3、先克隆三台(以模板机为样机,进行克隆)

    表1:三台克隆机配置的规划如下

    服务器说明 eth0外网IP(NAT) eth1内网IP(LAN) 主机名称规划
    B1-web服务器1 10.0.0.7/24 172.16.1.7/24 web01
    C1-NFS存储服务器 10.0.0.31/24 172.16.1.31/24 nfs01
    C2-rsync备份服务器 10.0.0.41/24 172.16.1.41/24 backup

    注意:克隆之前,模板机要关机:

    1)、选择 模板机,点击 管理,然后选择 克隆

    2)、点击 下一步

    3)、选择 现有快照,然后选择 优化后的模板,选择完毕后点击下一步

    4)、选择创建连接克隆(比较节省资源),选择完毕后点击下一步

    5)、设置虚拟机名称,点击 浏览,选择事前规划好的 位置(不要乱放,事先规划好)

    6)、点击 关闭,这样第一台克隆机就完成了,剩下的两台重复以上步骤

    7)、最终结果如下:

    4.4、配置克隆机

    克隆机的配置:
    1:修改配置网卡(eth0、eth1)
    2:修改主机名

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>命令如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
    hostnamectl set-hostname web01
    su
    systemctl restart network
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    ==>演示如下<==
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    [root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    [root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
    [root@web01 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname web01
    [root@oldboyedu ~]# su
    [root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart network
    

    注意:如果在远程连接工具如xshell上操作后,修改之后xshell会连不上,需修改连接的配置信息

    最终结果如下:

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