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Gradle 之扩展Extension类 (七)

Gradle 之扩展Extension类 (七)

作者: PuHJ | 来源:发表于2019-04-12 10:10 被阅读0次

    一、前言

    先看下Android中默认的扩展:

    android {
        compileSdkVersion 23
        buildToolsVersion = '23.0.3'
        defaultConfig {
            applicationId "com.phj.gradle"
            minSdkVersion 19
            targetSdkVersion 22
            versionCode 1
            versionName "1.0"
            testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        }
        buildTypes {
            release {
                minifyEnabled false
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
            debug {
                minifyEnabled false
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
        }
    }
    
    

    Gradle允许将“命名空间”DSL扩展添加到目标对象。这么一大坨代码是通过设置好Android扩展后,最终才能按照相应的规则写的。他通过给用户提供相对于的配置方法,在编译打包期间,通过用户相对应的配置,再做出相应的行为。

    二、自定义扩展

    现在我们就创建一个和android{}类似的配置,配置格式如下:

    classes {
        className 'className'
        person {
            name 'phj'
            age 24
        }
    }
    

    1)、创建Groovy类

    因为是两层闭包,所以需要建立两个类,他们分别是Classes 和Person 类。Classes中会Person类的成员变量,如下:

    class Classes {
        String className
        Person person = new Person()
    
        void className(String className){
            this.className = className;
        }
    
        void person(Action<Person> action){
            action.execute(person)
        }
    
        @Override
        String toString() {
            "className = ${this.className}, ${person}"
        }
    }
    
    class Person {
        int age
        String name
    
        void age(int age){
            this.age = age
        }
    
        void name(String name){
            this.name = name
        }
    
        String toString() {
            "Person:age = ${age}, name = ${name}"
        }
    }
    

    Classes类和Person是怎么关联起来的:

        void person(Action<Person> action){
            action.execute(person)
        }
    

    或者:

        void person(Closure c) {
            ConfigureUtil.configure(c, person)
        }
    

    这样就可以在classes闭包中使用person。

    2)、添加到ExtensionContainer

    getExtensions().add("classes", Classes)
    

    通过getExtensions()可以拿到当前Project对象的ExtensionContainer,将写好的extension添加到ExtensionContainer

    ExtensionContainer类:

    public interface ExtensionContainer {
    
        void add(String name, Object extension);
    
        <T> T create(String name, Class<T> type, Object... constructionArguments);
    
        <T> T getByType(Class<T> type) throws UnknownDomainObjectException;
    
        <T> T findByType(Class<T> type);
    
        Object getByName(String name) throws UnknownDomainObjectException;
    
        Object findByName(String name);
    
        @Incubating
        <T> void configure(Class<T> type, Action<? super T> action);
    
        ExtraPropertiesExtension getExtraProperties();
    }
    
    

    ExtensionContainer类相当于一个集合,主要包含了存储和查找方法。

    • add : 向ExtensionContainer添加一个extension
    • create : 创建一个extension对象,并返回该扩展
    • getByType :通过Type查找extension,没有找到会有异常
    • findByType :通过Type查找extension,没有找到会无异常
    • getByName :通过Name查找extension,没有找到会有异常
    • findByName :通过Name查找extension,没有找到会无异常

    3)、获取配置

    通过前两步即完成了配置,现在在脚本中可以写下下面的配置了,现在的工作就是获取该配置

    classes {
        className 'className'
        person {
            name 'phj'
            age 24
        }
    }
    

    通过ExtensionContainer获取:

        def extension = project.getExtensions().getByName("classes") as Classes
        println extension.className
    

    三、NamedDomainObjectContainer类

    1)、定义

    Android中的扩展和NamedDomainObjectContainer共用的,他可以创建一个自定义名字的实例。

    如buildTypes中release和debug 等:

           release {
                minifyEnabled false
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
            debug {
                minifyEnabled false
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
    

    或者dev和free:

        productFlavors{
            dev{
                manifestPlaceholders = ["test_key": "测试版key"]
            }
            free{
                applicationIdSuffix ".free"
                manifestPlaceholders = ["test_key": "Free版key"]
            }
        }
    

    这些都是用户自己添加的名字,事先并没定义。

    2)、实现

    • groovy代码
    class Classes {
        NamedDomainObjectContainer<Person> container
    
        public Classes(Project project) {
            container = project.container(Person)
        }
    
        void person(Action<NamedDomainObjectContainer<Person>> action){
            action.execute(container)
        }
    
        @Override
        String toString() {
            "className = ${this.className}, ${person}"
        }
    }
    
    class Person {
    
        String name
        int age
    
        public Person(String name) {
            this.name = name
        }
    
        void age(int age){
            this.age = age
        }
    
    
        String toString() {
            "Person:age = ${age}, name = ${name}"
        }
    }
    

    使用NamedDomainObjectContainer的方式和之前没有的本质是一样的,如之前的Classes中有Person成员变量,现在需要时NamedDomainObjectContainer<Person>,使用NamedDomainObjectContainer来包装下。

    • 添加到ExtensionContainer
    def ext = getExtensions().create("classes", Classes, project) as Classes
    

    配置如下:

    classes {
        person {
            person1 {
                age 21
            }
            person2 {
                age 22
            }
            person3 {
                age 23
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 获取
     ext.container.each { value->
            println value
    
        }
    

    最终输出:

    Person:age = 21, name = person1
    Person:age = 22, name = person2
    Person:age = 23, name = person3
    
    
    获取NamedDomainObjectContainer对象

    获取NamedDomainObjectContainer对象的方法是在project中,这样在构建Classes的时候就需要将当前的Project对象传入进来,这样就可能根据该对象获取Person相关的NamedDomainObjectContainer对象。

    project中获取方法如下:主要是通过传入类类型,返回一个当前类型的NamedDomainObjectContainer对象。

        /**
         * <p>Creates a container for managing named objects of the specified type. The specified type must have a public constructor which takes the name as a String parameter.<p>
         *
         * <p>All objects <b>MUST</b> expose their name as a bean property named "name". The name must be constant for the life of the object.</p>
         *
         * @param type The type of objects for the container to contain.
         * @param <T> The type of objects for the container to contain.
         * @return The container.
         */
        <T> NamedDomainObjectContainer<T> container(Class<T> type);
    
        /**
         * <p>Creates a container for managing named objects of the specified type. The given factory is used to create object instances.</p>
         *
         * <p>All objects <b>MUST</b> expose their name as a bean property named "name". The name must be constant for the life of the object.</p>
         *
         * @param type The type of objects for the container to contain.
         * @param factory The factory to use to create object instances.
         * @param <T> The type of objects for the container to contain.
         * @return The container.
         */
        <T> NamedDomainObjectContainer<T> container(Class<T> type, NamedDomainObjectFactory<T> factory);
    
        /**
         * <p>Creates a container for managing named objects of the specified type. The given closure is used to create object instances. The name of the instance to be created is passed as a parameter to
         * the closure.</p>
         *
         * <p>All objects <b>MUST</b> expose their name as a bean property named "name". The name must be constant for the life of the object.</p>
         *
         * @param type The type of objects for the container to contain.
         * @param factoryClosure The closure to use to create object instances.
         * @param <T> The type of objects for the container to contain.
         * @return The container.
         */
        <T> NamedDomainObjectContainer<T> container(Class<T> type, Closure factoryClosure);
    
    container(Class<T> type)

    上面的container(Class<T> type);的注释中表示了,传入的type类中需要有个name的String类型的字段,以及对应的构造方法,因为该name作为了之后实体的唯一标示。

    也可以在类外包装

    // 1、groovy类
    class P {
    
        String name
        int age
    
        public P(String name) {
            this.name = name
        }
    
        void age(int age){
            this.age = age
        }
    
    
        String toString() {
            "P:age = ${age}, name = ${name}"
        }
    }
    
    // 2、采用NamedDomainObjectContainer包装
    def p = container(P) as NamedDomainObjectContainer<P>
    // 3、添加到扩展容器中
    project.extensions.add('platform',p)
    // 4、编写脚本
    platform {
        wandoujia {
            age = 1
        }
    
        xiaomi {
            age = 2
        }
    }
    

    本质是一样的,不过多说明:

    • 1、编写groovy类
    • 2、采用NamedDomainObjectContainer包装
    • 3、添加到扩展容器中
    • 4、编写脚本

    四、android{} 常用配置

    android {
        compileSdkVersion 23
        buildToolsVersion = '23.0.3'
        defaultConfig {
            applicationId "com.phj.gradle"
            minSdkVersion 19
            targetSdkVersion 23
            versionCode 1
            versionName "1.0"
            testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
        buildTypes {
            release {
                minifyEnabled false
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
            debug {
                minifyEnabled false
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
        }
    
        dexOptions{
            dexInProcess true
            javaMaxHeapSize "4g"
        }
    
        productFlavors {
            wandoujia {
                minSdkVersion 19
                targetSdkVersion 23
                versionCode 1
                versionName "1.0"
                versionNameSuffix 'phj'
            }
        }
    
        externalNativeBuild{
            ndkBuild{
                path file("src\\main\\jni\\Android.mk")
            }
    
            cmake {
                path "src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt"
            }
        }
    
        lintOptions {
            abortOnError false
        }
    
        packagingOptions {
            exclude ['lib/armeabi-v7a/libavcodec-57.so',
                     'lib/armeabi-v7a/libavdevice-57.so']
        }
    
        signingConfigs {
            config {
                keyAlias '...'
                keyPassword '...'
                storeFile file('...')
                storePassword '...'
            }
        }
    
        sourceSets {
            main {
                java.srcDirs 'src/main/java','src/main/java2'
                manifest.srcFile 'src/main/AndroidManifest.xml'
                resources.srcDirs = ['src/main/res']
                res.srcDirs = ['src/main/res']
                assets.srcDirs = ['src/main/assets']
                jniLibs.srcDirs = ['../lib']
            }
        }
    
    
    }
    

    android是com.android.build.gradle包下的AppExtension类,所有能设置的属性都在该类的方法中。主要在其父类BaseExtension中设置的。

    BaseExtension中的属性如下:

        private final List<List<Object>> transformDependencies = Lists.newArrayList();
        private final AndroidBuilder androidBuilder;
        private final SdkHandler sdkHandler;
        private final ProductFlavor defaultConfig;
        private final AaptOptions aaptOptions;
        private final LintOptions lintOptions;
        private final ExternalNativeBuild externalNativeBuild;
        private final DexOptions dexOptions;
        private final TestOptions testOptions;
        private final CompileOptions compileOptions;
        private final PackagingOptions packagingOptions;
        private final JacocoOptions jacoco;
        private final Splits splits;
        private final AdbOptions adbOptions;
        private final NamedDomainObjectContainer<ProductFlavor> productFlavors;
        private final NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildType> buildTypes;
        private final NamedDomainObjectContainer<SigningConfig> signingConfigs;
        private final List<DeviceProvider> deviceProviderList = Lists.newArrayList();
        private final List<TestServer> testServerList = Lists.newArrayList();
        private final List<Transform> transforms = Lists.newArrayList();
        private final DataBindingOptions dataBinding;
        private final NamedDomainObjectContainer<AndroidSourceSet> sourceSetsContainer;
        private String target;
        private Revision buildToolsRevision;
        private List<LibraryRequest> libraryRequests = Lists.newArrayList();
        private List<String> flavorDimensionList;
        private String resourcePrefix;
        private ExtraModelInfo extraModelInfo;
        private String defaultPublishConfig = "release";
        private boolean publishNonDefault = false;
        private Action<VariantFilter> variantFilter;
        protected Logger logger;
        private boolean isWritable = true;
        protected Project project;
        boolean generatePureSplits = false;
        private boolean enforceUniquePackageName = true;
    

    下面介绍下常用的配置:

    • compileSdkVersion : 编译时的版本
    • buildToolsVersion : 构建工具版本
    • defaultConfig{} : 默认的配置
      BaseExtension中的设置源码如下,能设置的配置需要看下ProductFlavor类
        public void defaultConfig(Action<ProductFlavor> action) {
            this.checkWritability();
            action.execute(this.defaultConfig);
        }
    
    • buildTypes : 构建的类型,设置内容详见BuildType类
    • productFlavors : 构建输入的变体,设置详见ProductFlavor类
    • dexOptions : dex的设置,打包输入的文件格式。配置详见DexOptions类
    • externalNativeBuild : jni开发配置文件,分为ndkBuild和cmake两种编译方式
    • lintOptions : 检查代码工具的配置,利于排查代码问题,配置内容详见LintOptions类
    • packagingOptions : 去除相同包操作配置
    • signingConfigs :签名配置
    • sourceSets : 设置资源的路径

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