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IOS中数组的使用(NSArray, NSSet, NSDict

IOS中数组的使用(NSArray, NSSet, NSDict

作者: LZM轮回 | 来源:发表于2016-06-13 22:43 被阅读2342次

    一、Foundation framework中用于收集cocoa对象(NSObject对象)的三种集合分别是:

    NSArray 用于对象有序集合(数组)
    NSSet 用于对象无序集合(集合)

    NSDictionary用于键值映射(字典)

    以上三种集合类是不可变的(一旦初始化后,就不能改变)

    以下是对应的三种可变集合类(这三种可变集合类是对应上面三种集合类的子类):

    NSMutableArray
    NSMutableSet
    NSMutableDictionary

    注:这些集合类只能收集cocoa对象(NSOjbect对象),如果想保存一些原始的C数据(例如,int, float, double, BOOL等),则需要将这些原始的C数据封装成NSNumber类型的,NSNumber对象是cocoa对象,可以被保存在集合类中。

    =================== NSArray ====================

    Ordered collection of objects. Immutable(you cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created)
    Important methods:

    • (id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, ...; // nil terminated
    • (int)count; // 得到array中的对象个数

    • (id)objectAtIndex:(int)index; // 得到索引为i的对象

    • (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject; // 当anObject出现在array中,则返回yes(实际是通过isEqual:方法来判断)

    • (unsigned)indexOfObject:(id)anObject; // 查找array中的anObject,并返回其最小索引值。没找到返回NSNotFound.

    • (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

    • (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

    • (id)lastObject; // 得到array中最后一个对象。如果array中没有任何对象存在,则返回nil
      注:
      类方法arrayWithObjects 可以创建an autoreleased NSArray of the items.例如
      @implementation MyObject

    • (NSArray *)coolCats {
      return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];
      }
      @end
      Other convenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):
      [NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“life”, 42];
      [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”, nil];
      [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];
      -----创建数组 -----
      NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

      self.dataArray = array;
      [array release];

      NSLog(@"self.dataArray count is:%d",[self.dataArray count]);

      NSLog(@"self.dataArray index 2 is:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

    ------ 从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级) -------

    //arrayWithArray:
    NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
    NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
    MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];
    NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);
    
    array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];
    NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);
    
    //Copy
    
    //id obj;
    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
    
    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
    for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++) {        
        obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
        [newArray addObject: obj];
    }
    
    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
    [newArray release];
    
    
    
    //快速枚举
    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   
    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
    
    for(id obj in oldArray)
    {
        [newArray addObject: obj];
    }
    
    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
    [newArray release];   
    
    //Deep copy
    
    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   
    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);   
    newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
    [newArray release];   
    

    =================== NSMutableArray ====================
    Mutable version of NSArray.

    • (void)addObject:(id)anObject; // 在array最后添加anObject, 添加nil是非法的.

    • (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; //在array最后把otherArray中的对象依次添加进去。

    • (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(int)index; //在索引index处插入anObject, 若index被占用,会把之后的object向后移。

    • (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index; //删除index处的对象,后面的对象依次向前移。

    • (void)removeObject:(id)anObject; // 删除所有和anObject相等的对象,同样使用isEqual:作为相等比较方法.

    • (void)removeAllObjects;

    注:我们不能把nil加到array中。但有时候我们真想给array加一个空的对象,可以使用NSNull来做这件事。如:

    [myArray addObject:[NSNull null]];

    -----给数组分配容量-----
    //NSArray *array;
    array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

    -----在数组末尾添加对象-----
    //- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
    //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    [array addObject:@"Four"];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

    -----删除数组中指定索引处对象-----
    //-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;
    //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    [array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

    ----- 数组枚举-----
    //1、- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator; //从前向后
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    NSEnumerator *enumerator;
    enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

    id thingie;
    while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
    }
    

    //2、- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator; //从后向前
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    NSEnumerator *enumerator;
    enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

    id object;
    while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
    }
    

    //3、快速枚举
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    for(NSString *string in array) {
    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
    }

    ----- NSValue(对任何对象进行包装)-----
    //将NSRect放入NSArray中
    NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSValue *value;
    CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);
    value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
    [array addObject:value];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
    //从Array中 提取
    value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
    [value getValue:&rect];
    NSLog(@"value:%@",value);

    ----★使用NSMutableArray要防止内存泄露★------
    NSObject* p1 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
    NSObject* p2 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
    NSMutableArray* objectsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

    [objectsArray addObject:p1];
    NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//输出 2,也就是执行追加对象后,对象的计数器也被加1
    //[p1 release];
    //NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);

    //同样做数组替换时
    [objectsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:p2];
    NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//输出 2,同样也是2
    NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//输出 1,对象p1仍然存在
    //[p2 release];
    //NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);

    //执行清空数组
    [objectsArray removeAllObjects];
    NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//输出 1,对象p2仍然存在
    //[p2 release];

    由此可知,每次执行上面的数组操作后,要执行对象release,如上面注释中的语句,才能保证内存不泄露。

    NSSet
    Unordered collection of objects.
    Immutable. You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.
    Important methods:

    • setWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...; // nil terminated
    • (int)count;
    • (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject;
    • (id)anyObject;
    • (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;
    • (id)member:(id)anObject; // uses isEqual: and returns a matching object (if any)

    NSMutableSet
    Mutable version of NSSet.

    • (NSMutableSet *)set;
    • (void)addObject:(id)anObject;
    • (void)removeObject:(id)anObject;
    • (void)removeAllObjects;
    • (void)unionSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
    • (void)minusSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;
    • (void)intersectSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;

    NSDictionary

    一个dictionary就是key-value对的集合。 key是字符串(NSString),value是对象指针。
    key在整个dictionary是唯一的。通过方法objectForKey:来获得对应于某个key的一个或多个value(值)。
    NSDictionary在创建时,其中所有的key和对应的value都存在了。你可以访问其内容,但不可以修改。
    dictionary使用hash表来实现,所以查找速度很快。

    • (NSUInteger)hash & - (BOOL)isEqual:(NSObject *)obj
      Important methods:
    • dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (id)firstObject, ...;
    • (int)count; // 返回有多少对key-value
    • (id)objectForKey:(id)key; //返回和key相关联的value。 如果没有和key相关联的value,则返回nil。
    • (NSArray *)allKeys; // 返回一个包含所有key的array
    • (NSArray *)allValues;
    • NSEnumerator *)keyEnumerator; //这个方法是从一个 dictionary 中得到一个 key 的迭代器.

    Enumerators 也就是 iterators 或 enumerations.我们可以使用它来一步一步迭代出集合中的所 有成员.
    下面是我们可能使用它来列举所有的 key- ‐vaule 对
    NSEnumerator *e = [myDict keyEnumerator];
    for (NSString *s in e) {
    NSLog(@"key is %@, value is %@", s, [myDict objectForKey:s]);
    }
    注:NSArray 也有一个类似的方法得到 array 的成员迭代 器 : objectEnumerator

    -----创建字典 -----
    - (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;
    NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
    NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
    NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
    [dictionary release];

    NSMutableDictionary
    Mutable version of NSDictionary.
    NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary的子类。创建后,允许用户添加和删除key和value。

    • (NSMutableDictionary *)dictionary; // 创建一个空的dictionary
    • (void)setObject:(id)anObject forKey:(id)key; // 使用key和anObject组成一条记录添加到dictionary中
      // 如果key已存在,则会先移除旧的key-value,然后再添加新的key-value。
    • (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key; // 从dictionary中删除一条记录,key以及和它对应的value
    • (void)removeAllObjects;
    • (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(NSDictionary *)otherDictionary;
      -----创建可变字典 -----
      //创建
      NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
      //添加字典
      [dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];
      [dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];
      [dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];
      [dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];
      NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
      //删除指定的字典
      [dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
      NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

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