什么是逻辑

What Logic Is

什么是逻辑

Logic is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning.

逻辑是研究用于区分正确推理和错误推理的方法和原则。

When we reason about any matter, we produce arguments to support our conclusions.

当我们推理任何事情时,我们会提出论据支持我们的结论。

 Our arguments include reasons that we think justify our beliefs.

我们的论点包括我们认为证明我们信仰合理的理由。

However, not all reasons are good reasons. 

然而,并非所有原因都是充分的理由。

Therefore we may always ask , when we confront an argument: Does the conclusion reached follow from the premises assumed? 

因此,我们可能总是问,什么时候我们面对一个争论:得出的结论是否来自假定的前提?

To answer this question there are objective criteria; in the study of logic we seek to discover and apply those criteria.

要回答这个问题,有客观标准;在逻辑研究中,我们寻求发现并应用这些标准。

Reasoning is not the only way in which people support assertions they make or accept.

推理不是人们制造或接受支持断言的唯一方式。

 They may appeal to authority or to emotion, which can be very persuasive, or they may rely, without reflection, simply on habits.

他们可能会诉诸权威或情感,这可能是非常的有说服力的,或者他们可能只依靠习惯而不依据反思。

 However,when someone wants to make judgments that can be completely relied upon,their only solid foundation will be correct reasoning.

然而,当有人想做出可以完全依赖的判断时,他们唯一坚实的基础将是正确的推理。

 Using the methods and techniques of logic—one can distinguish reliably between sound and faulty reasoning.

使用方法和逻辑技术可以可靠地区分完备的和有瑕疵的推理。