1.爬虫
- 大数据 , 提取本地hmtl中的数据
- 步骤
①新建html文件
②读取
③使用lxml中的xpath语法进行提取
from lxml import html
# 读取html文件
with open('./index.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
html_data = f.read()
# selector中调用xpath方法
selector = html.fromstring(html_data)
# 要获取标签中的内容,末尾要添加text()
h1 = selector.xpath('/html/body/h1/text()')
print(h1[0])
# //可以从任意位置出发
# //标签1[@属性=属性值]/标签2[@属性=属性值].../text()
a = selector.xpath('//div[@id="container"]/a/text()')
print(a[0])
# 获取p标签内容
p = selector.xpath('//div[@id="container"]/p/text()')
print(p[0])
# 获取属性 @属性名
link = selector.xpath('//div[@id="container"]/a/@href')
print(link[0])
image.png
2.关于requests
# 导入
import requests
url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
# url = 'https://www.taobao.com'
# url = 'https://www.jd.com'
response = requests.get(url)
print(response)
# 获取str类型的响应
print(response.text)
# 获取bytes类型的响应
print(response.content)
# 获取响应头
print(response.headers)
# 获取状态码
print(response.status_code)
# 编码方式
print(response.encoding)
# 没有添加请求头的知乎网网站
# resp = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/')
# print(resp.status_code)
# 使用字典定义请求头
headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)
AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36"}
resp = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/', headers = headers)
print(resp.status_code)
image.png
3.爬当当网
import requests
from lxml import html
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
def spider_dangdang(isbn):
book_list = []
# 目标站点地址
url = 'http://search.dangdang.com/?key={}&act=input'.format(isbn)
# print(url)
# 获取站点str类型的响应
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64;
x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36"}
resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
html_data = resp.text
# 将html页面写入本地
# with open('dangdang.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
# f.write(html_data)
# 提取目标站的信息
selector = html.fromstring(html_data)
ul_list = selector.xpath('//div[@id="search_nature_rg"]/ul/li')
print('您好,共有{}家店铺售卖此图书'.format(len(ul_list)))
# 遍历 ul_list
for li in ul_list:
# 图书名称
title = li.xpath('./a/@title')[0].strip()
# print(title)
# 图书购买链接
link = li.xpath('a/@href')[0]
# print(link)
# 图书价格
price = li.xpath('./p[@class="price"]/span[@class="search_now_price"]/text()')[0]
price = float(price.replace('¥', ''))
# print(price)
# 图书卖家名称
store = li.xpath('./p[@class="search_shangjia"]/a/text()')
# if len(store) == 0:
# store = '当当自营'
# else:
# store = store[0]
store = '当当自营' if len(store) == 0 else store[0]
# print(store)
# 添加每一个商家的图书信息
book_list.append({
'title': title,
'price': price,
'link': link,
'store': store
})
# 按照价格进行排序
book_list.sort(key=lambda x:x['price'])
# 遍历booklist
for book in book_list:
print(book)
# 展示价格最低的前10家 柱状图
# 店铺的名称
top10_store = [book_list[i] for i in range(10)]
# x = []
# for store in top10_store:
# x.append(store['store'])
x = [x['store'] for x in top10_store]
print(x)
# 图书的价格
y = [x['price'] for x in top10_store]
print(y)
# plt.bar(x, y)
plt.barh(x, y)
plt.show()
# 存储成csv文件
df = pd.DataFrame(book_list)
df.to_csv('dangdang.csv')
spider_dangdang('9787115428028')
image.png
image.png
价格最低Top10
4.练习--爬重庆-影讯
import requests
from lxml import html
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
people_list = []
counts = []
# 目标站点地址
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/cinema/later/chongqing/'
print(url)
# 获取站点str类型的响应
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36"}
resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
html_data = resp.text
# 提取目标站的信息
selector = html.fromstring(html_data)
ul_list = selector.xpath('//div[@id="showing-soon"]/div/div')
print('您好,共有{}部电影即将上映'.format(len(ul_list)))
# 遍历 ul_list
for li in ul_list:
# 电影名称
title = li.xpath('./h3/a/text()')[0].strip()
# print(title)
# 上映日期
date = li.xpath('./ul/li/text()')[0]
# print(date)
# 类型
type = li.xpath('./ul/li/text()')[1]
# print(type)
# 上映国家
country = li.xpath('./ul/li/text()')[2]
# print(country)
# 想看人数
people = li.xpath('./ul/li/span/text()')[0]
people = int(people.replace('人想看', ''))
# print(people)
people_list.append({
'title': title,
'date': date,
'type': type,
'country': country,
'people': people
})
counts.append(country)
# 按照想看人数进行排序
people_list.sort(key=lambda x:x['people'], reverse=True)
# 遍历people_list
for num in people_list:
print(num)
# 展示想看人数top5
top5 = [people_list[i] for i in range(5)]
x = [x['title'] for x in top5]
print(x)
y = [x['people'] for x in top5]
print(y)
plt.barh(x, y)
plt.show()
# 国家占比
china = 0
japan = 0
hongkong = 0
russia = 0
for i in range(22):
if counts[i] == '中国大陆':
china += 1
elif counts[i] == '日本':
japan += 1
elif counts[i] == '香港':
hongkong += 1
else:
russia += 1
count1 = ['中国大陆', '日本', '香港', '俄罗斯']
count2 = [china, japan, hongkong, russia]
plt.pie(count2, shadow=True, labels=count1, autopct='%1.1f%%')
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.axis('equal')
plt.show()
image.png
展示想看人数top5
电影国家占比
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