mysql文档

1.mysql入门

mysql> SELECT SIN(PI()/4), (4+1)*5;
+------------------+---------+
| SIN(PI()/4)      | (4+1)*5 |
+------------------+---------+
| 0.70710678118655 |      25 |
+------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

可以两个一起输入

mysql> **SELECT VERSION(); SELECT NOW();
**
+------------------+
| VERSION()        |
+------------------+
| 5.7.10-ndb-7.5.1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

+---------------------+
| NOW()               |
+---------------------+
| 2016-01-29 18:02:55 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

还可以多行输入

mysql> SELECT
    -> USER()
    -> ,
    -> CURRENT_DATE;
+---------------+--------------+
| USER()        | CURRENT_DATE |
+---------------+--------------+
| jon@localhost | 2010-08-06   |
+---------------+--------------+

如果取消\c

mysql> SELECT
    -> USER()
    -> \c
mysql>

注意下面的这些字符代表的含义，如果出现了这些字符表示字符串未及结束

Paste_Image.png

mysql> **SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = 'Smith AND age < 30;
** '>

---

2.Create a database

查看数据库

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| mysql    |
| test     |
| tmp      |
+----------+

使用数据库

mysql> **USE test
**Database changed

刚开始可能没有权限，需要授权，your_mysql_name是用户名，your_client_host是登录的主机名

mysql> **GRANT ALL ON menagerie.* TO 'your_mysql_name'@'your_client_host';
**

创建数据库

mysql> CREATE DATABASE menagerie;

直接使用数据库

shell> mysql -h host -u user -p menagerie
Enter password: ********

---

3.tables

查看表

mysql> SHOW TABLES;
**Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DESCRIBE pet;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| owner   | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| species | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(1)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| death   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

创建表

mysql> CREATE TABLE pet (name VARCHAR(20), owner VARCHAR(20),
    -> species VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1), birth DATE, death DATE);

向表中增加数据

mysql> INSERT INTO pet
    -> VALUES ('Puffball','Diane','hamster','f','1999-03-30',NULL);

从文件中加载，默认是tab分割

Whistler        Gwen    bird    \N      1997-12-09      \N
mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/path/pet.txt' INTO TABLE pet
    -> LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n';

查询表

mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE (species = 'cat' AND sex = 'm')
    -> OR (species = 'dog' AND sex = 'f');
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name  | owner  | species | sex  | birth      | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen   | cat     | m    | 1994-03-17 | NULL  |
| Buffy | Harold | dog     | f    | 1989-05-13 | NULL  |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+

排序

mysql> SELECT name, species, birth FROM pet
    -> ORDER BY species, birth DESC;
+----------+---------+------------+
| name     | species | birth      |
+----------+---------+------------+
| Chirpy   | bird    | 1998-09-11 |
| Whistler | bird    | 1997-12-09 |
| Claws    | cat     | 1994-03-17 |
| Fluffy   | cat     | 1993-02-04 |
| Fang     | dog     | 1990-08-27 |
| Bowser   | dog     | 1989-08-31 |
| Buffy    | dog     | 1989-05-13 |
| Puffball | hamster | 1999-03-30 |
| Slim     | snake   | 1996-04-29 |
+----------+---------+------------+

Date Calculations
TIMESTAMPDIFF 计算相差的数值

mysql> SELECT name, birth, CURDATE(),
    -> TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,birth,CURDATE()) AS age
    -> FROM pet;
+----------+------------+------------+------+
| name     | birth      | CURDATE()  | age  |
+----------+------------+------------+------+
| Fluffy   | 1993-02-04 | 2003-08-19 |   10 |
| Claws    | 1994-03-17 | 2003-08-19 |    9 |
| Buffy    | 1989-05-13 | 2003-08-19 |   14 |
| Fang     | 1990-08-27 | 2003-08-19 |   12 |
| Bowser   | 1989-08-31 | 2003-08-19 |   13 |
| Chirpy   | 1998-09-11 | 2003-08-19 |    4 |
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 | 2003-08-19 |    5 |
| Slim     | 1996-04-29 | 2003-08-19 |    7 |
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 | 2003-08-19 |    4 |
+----------+------------+------------+------+

还有 YEAR()
, MONTH()
, andDAYOFMONTH()
. MONTH()
使用

mysql> SELECT name, birth, MONTH(birth) FROM pet;
+----------+------------+--------------+
| name     | birth      | MONTH(birth) |
+----------+------------+--------------+
| Fluffy   | 1993-02-04 |            2 |
| Claws    | 1994-03-17 |            3 |
| Buffy    | 1989-05-13 |            5 |
| Fang     | 1990-08-27 |            8 |
| Bowser   | 1989-08-31 |            8 |
| Chirpy   | 1998-09-11 |            9 |
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 |           12 |
| Slim     | 1996-04-29 |            4 |
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 |            3 |
+----------+------------+--------------+

DATE_ADD()增加日期

[MONTH()] returns a number between 1 and 12. And [MOD(something,12)]returns a number between 0
and 11

mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet
    -> WHERE MONTH(birth) = MONTH(DATE_ADD(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 1 MONTH));

mysql> **SELECT name, birth FROM pet
** -> WHERE MONTH(birth) = MOD(MONTH(CURDATE()), 12) + 1;

---

检查NULL

mysql> SELECT 1 IS NULL, 1 IS NOT NULL;
+-----------+---------------+
| 1 IS NULL | 1 IS NOT NULL |
+-----------+---------------+
|         0 |             1 |
+-----------+---------------+
#Because the result of any arithmetic comparison with NULL is also NULL, 
#you cannot obtain any meaningful results from such comparisons.
mysql> SELECT 1 = NULL, 1 <> NULL, 1 < NULL, 1 > NULL;
+----------+-----------+----------+----------+
| 1 = NULL | 1 <> NULL | 1 < NULL | 1 > NULL |
+----------+-----------+----------+----------+
|     NULL |      NULL |     NULL |     NULL |
+----------+-----------+----------+----------+
mysql> SELECT 0 IS NULL, 0 IS NOT NULL, '' IS NULL, '' IS NOT NULL;
+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| 0 IS NULL | 0 IS NOT NULL | '' IS NULL | '' IS NOT NULL |
+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+
|         0 |             1 |          0 |              1 |
+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+

count 使用

mysql> SELECT species, sex, COUNT(*) FROM pet
    -> WHERE sex IS NOT NULL
    -> GROUP BY species, sex;
+---------+------+----------+
| species | sex  | COUNT(*) |
+---------+------+----------+
| bird    | f    |        1 |
| cat     | f    |        1 |
| cat     | m    |        1 |
| dog     | f    |        1 |
| dog     | m    |        2 |
| hamster | f    |        1 |
| snake   | m    |        1 |
+---------+------+----------+

---

ql_mode = 'ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY'; 限制组名必须唯一

mysql> SET sql_mode = 'ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY';
mysql> SELECT owner, COUNT(*) FROM pet;
ERROR 1140 (42000): In aggregated query without GROUP BY, expression
#1 of SELECT list contains nonaggregated column 'menagerie.pet.owner';
this is incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_group_by
mysql> SET sql_mode = '';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT owner, COUNT(*) FROM pet;
+--------+----------+
| owner  | COUNT(*) |
+--------+----------+
| Harold |        8 |
+--------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

---

从文件中获取

master@master:/usr/local/mysql$ mysql -h localhost -u root -p < test
Enter password: 
name    owner   species sex birth   death
Puffball    Diane   hamster f   1999-03-30  NULL

shell> mysql < batch-file > mysql.out

直接在mysql里面用

mysql> source  filename;
mysql> \.  filename