获得正确的云计算技能将成为2019年IT的主要挑战（译）

原文：Acquiring the Right Cloud Skills Will Be Major Challenge for IT in 2019

As the rate at which applications are being either built on or shifted into the cloud accelerates

随着应用程序构建或迁移到云中的速度加快

1. the rate at which ...的速度

it’s become clear that IT organizations will need to more aggressively either develop new skills internally or recruit IT professionals that already have them.

很明显，IT组织需要更积极地在内部开发新技能或招募已经拥有这些技能的IT专业人员。

1. aggressively 积极的
2. recruit 招募，招聘
3. professional adj,n 专业人员

Recruiting that talent, however, is likely to be a major challenge as the number and types of cloud computing platforms being employed continues to rapidly evolve.

然而，随着所使用的云计算平台的数量和类型继续快速发展，招募人才可能是一项重大挑战。

1. talent 人才(注意无s)
2. is likely to be 很有可能
3. major challenge 重大挑战(不要说big challenge)
4. being employed 被采用的（不要说 being used）
5. evolve 发展变化（不要用change，因为此处有进步的含义）

The first wave of cloud computing essentially replicated existing IT environments by allowing virtual machines to be programmatically spun up in the cloud.

第一波云计算通过允许虚拟机在云中可被编程的运行，从根本上复制了现有的IT环境。

1. be programmatically spun up 可被编程的运行

The second wave of cloud computing will be driven by microservices enabled by containers and serverless computing frameworks.

第二波云计算将由容器和无服务器计算框架支持的微服务驱动。

The trouble is that there are even fewer IT professionals available with the DevOps skills to master these emerging so-called “cloud native” technologies than there are currently IT professionals that have mastered the nuances of managing virtual machines or a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) environment running in the cloud.

麻烦的是，拥有DevOps技能的IT专业人员甚至更少，可以掌握这些新兴的所谓“云原生”技术，而不是目前已经掌握了管理虚拟机或平台的细微差别的IT专业人员。 在云中运行的服务（PaaS）环境。

1. professionals with the ... skills 具有..技能的专家
2. emerging technologies 不断浮现，不断产生的，新兴的技术
3. native 原生的

A survey of 124 IT leaders conducted by OpsRamp, a provider of IT operations management software, finds IT job candidates with solid skills in DevOps/site reliability engineering (33 percent), multi-cloud management (24 percent) and cloud-native development (22 percent) are in the most demand.

由IT运营管理软件提供商OpsRamp对124位IT领导者进行的调查发现，IT职业候选人在DevOps /站点可靠性工程（33％），多云管理（24％）和云原生态开发方面具有扎实的技能（ 22％）是最需要的。

1. solid skills in 在..方面的扎实技能
2. be in the most demand 是最需要的

A third of respondents say that they are finding it difficult to find IT professionals with these skills, while well over a third of respondents (38 percent) describe their skill shortage as being quite large.

三分之一的受访者表示他们发现很难找到具备这些技能的IT专业人员，而超过三分之一的受访者（38％）表示他们的技能短缺程度非常大。

1. respondent 受访者
2. well over 大大超过
   3 shortage is large 非常短缺

比较：
describe their skill shortage as being quite large.
said that their skill shortage is quite large

A significant part of the problem is that most IT organizations still rely on ITIL frameworks that are not as flexible as DevOps processes, says Jordan Sher, director of corporate marketing for OpsRamp.

OpsRamp公司营销总监Jordan Sher表示，问题的一个重要部分是大多数IT组织仍然依赖于不像DevOps流程那样灵活的ITIL框架。

1. rely on 依赖

比较：
a significant part of the problem 问题的一个重要方面
a significant problem 一个重要问题

The need to be more agile will require IT organizations to find new IT talent that can be expensive to hire, or retrain their existing staffs while at the same time relying more on artificial intelligence (AI) to automate IT process, says Sher.

Sher表示，这种要变得更加敏捷诉求则需要IT组织找到新的IT人才，这些人才可能是昂贵的，或者重新培训他们现有的员工，同时更多地依靠人工智能（AI）来实现IT流程的自动化。

“We’re seeing a lot of appetite for AI,” says Sher.

“我们看到了(市场上)对AI的强烈诉求，”谢尔说。

The challenge is that IT processes that need to be automated are themselves rapidly transforming as IT organizations move beyond deploying monolithic applications on virtual machines in the cloud.

面临的挑战是，随着IT组织不再在云中的虚拟机上部署单一应用程序，需要这些组织本身的IT处理流程快速转型。

1. transform 转型
2. move beyond 不仅仅是， 不再仅仅是
3. deploy applications on 在...中部署

The rise of microservices is requiring IT organizations to deploy, manage and secure what could easily become hundreds, even thousands, of microservices strewn across the enterprise.

微服务的兴起要求IT组织部署，管理和保护可能容易变成数百甚至数千个遍布整个企业的微服务。

1. rise 兴起
2. strew across 遍布

In fact, those microservices are likely to span both on-premises IT environments and several public clouds.

实际上，这些微服务可能跨越本地IT环境和几个公共云。

1. span 跨越
2. on-premises 内部部署的

IT administrators across the board are going to have to significantly expand their current skillsets into the realm of becoming engineers, says Rafi Khardalian, senior director for private cloud engineering at Cisco.

思科私有云工程高级主管Rafi Khardalian说，全面的IT管理员必须将他们当前的技能大幅扩展到成为工程师的领域。

1. across the board 全面的
2. skillsets 技能结构
3. expand ... into the realm ... 深入到...领域

As monolithic applications give way to microservices, cloud computing is no longer just going to be about managing a fixed number of virtual machines, adds Khardalian.

Khardalian补充说，随着单一应用程序被微服务淘汰，云计算不再仅仅是管理固定数量的虚拟机。

1. give way to 被...淘汰

The overall IT environment will become more dynamic as dependencies between microservices and serverless frameworks are navigated and containers are constantly updated, says Khardalian.

Khardalian说，随着微服务和弱服务框架之间的依赖联系关系的转变，向以及众容器的不断更新，整个IT环境将变得更加动态。

1. overall 整体的

“It’s not going to be sufficient to be an administrator,” says Khardalian.

“只要求成为系统管理者还远远不够”， Khardalian说。

Some IT organizations will also need to determine to what degree they will want to manage IT infrastructure.

一些IT组织还需要确定他们希望在多大程度上管理IT基础架构。

1. to what degree 到何种程度

Amazon Web Services (AWS), for example, is making much more of the IT environment that it provides available as a service it manages on behalf of customers.

例如，亚马逊网络服务（AWS）正在将其提供的IT环境作为其代表客户管理的服务提供。

1. be available as 做为...提供
2. on behalf of 代表...的利益，站在...的立场上

With the recent launch of Amazon Outposts, an instance of the IT infrastructure that can be deployed in a local data center, those managed services are now being extended to on-premises IT environments.

随着最近推出的Amazon Outposts（可以部署在本地数据中心的IT基础架构实例），这些托管服务现在正在扩展到本地IT环境。

1. recent launch 最近发布(不是publish)
2. managed service 被托管的服务
3. be extended to 向...延伸

“Customers are now asking us for more prescriptive guidance,” says Deepak Singh, director of compute services for AWS.

“客户现在要求我们提供更多的规范性指南，”AWS计算服务总监Deepak Singh说。

1. ask for 要求

In many cases, that will mean relying on cloud service providers to manage infrastructure while the IT organization shifts more of its resources into building and deploying applications that run on top of that infrastructure.

在许多情况下，这将意味着依靠云服务提供商来管理基础架构，而IT组织将更多的资源转移到构建和部署运行在该基础架构之上的应用程序。

1. on top of 在之上的（不是在顶部的）
2. shift resources into 向...投入资源
3. more of the resources 更多的资源

Many of those organizations have concluded that the infrastructure on which those applications depend is of undifferentiated value to the business, says Singh.

Singh表示，其中许多组织已经得出结论，这些应用所依赖的基础设施对业务具有无差别的价值。

1. be of ... value to ... 对...具有...样的价值

Similarly, Google is advising customers that its ambition is to provide the site reliability engineer (SRE) services at the infrastructure level on their behalf, says Chen Goldberg, director of engineering for Google Cloud.

同样，Google正在建议客户，他们的目标是代表他们在基础设施层面提供站点可靠性工程师（SRE）服务，Google Cloud工程总监Chen Goldberg说。

1. similarly 同样的
2. ambition 野心，志向

IT organizations can then concentrate on applications, says Goldberg.

然后，IT组织可以专注于应用程序，Goldberg说。

“IT organizations need to develop SRE skills at the application level,” says Goldberg.

“IT组织需要在应用程序层面提升SRE技能，”Goldberg说。

1. develop 这里是提升或具备的意思

Of course, not every IT organization is going to be comfortable ceding that level of control over their IT infrastructure.

当然，并非每个IT组织都愿意放弃对IT基础架构的控制。

1. cede 放弃
2. be comfortable doing 不情愿，不愿意（可替代be willing to ）
3. the control over 对...的控制

In fact, there are many industries where governance and security requirements make relying on external managed service providers problematic.

实际上，许多行业由于治理和安全的要求，对依赖外部托管服务提供商报怀疑态度。

1. make ... problematic 对...有怀疑（此处是没有信心的意思，不是suspicious）

When it comes to retraining IT organizations on how to master cloud-native computing technologies, the best path is to pick a team to blaze a path that others can later follow, says Jason McGee, vice president and CTO for IBM Cloud.

IBM Cloud的副总裁兼首席技术官Jason McGee表示，在重新培训IT组织如何掌握云原生计算技术时，最好的方法是选择一个团队来开辟其他人可以追随的道路。

1. retrain ... on ... 对...进行...训练
2. blaze a path 开辟一条道路，吃螃蟹

That approach tends to sharply reduce resistance to change within the IT organization, says McGee.

McGee表示，这种方法可以大幅降低IT组织内部变革的阻力。

1. tend to 易于（不用make it easier to）
2. reduce resistance to 降低阻力
3. change within the organization 对组织的改变（注意用within）

“There tends to be a lot of inertia about who owns what inside an organization,” says McGee.

“对于谁拥有组织内部的东西，往往存在很多惯性，”麦吉说。

Creating a cross-functional team of IT professionals dedicated to achieving one specific application goal significantly increases the overall chances of success, says McGee.

McGee表示，创建一支致力于实现一个特定应用目标的跨职能IT专业人员团队，可以大大提高整体成功的机会。

1. be dedicated to 致力于
2. the overall chances of success 整体成功的机会(chance要加s)

Cloud computing in all its forms is clearly here to stay.

云计算的各种形式显然都存在。

1. be here to stay 依然会存在（似乎比exist更地道）

A survey of 600 IT leaders conducted by ClearPath Strategies on behalf of the Cloud Foundry Foundation (CFF), which oversees the development of an open source platform-as-a-service (PaaS) environment, finds over 50 percent of IT decision makers report developing 60 percent or more of their applications in the cloud.

ClearPath Strategies代表Cloud Foundry Foundation（CFF）对600名IT领导者进行了调查，该基金会监督开源平台即服务（PaaS）环境的开发，发现超过50％的IT决策者报告在云中开发60％或更多的应用程序。

1. conduct a survey 开展一项调查
2. 60 percent or more 超过60% （同more than 60 percent）

Nearly half (45 percent) of companies are doing at least some cloud-native app development, and 40 percent are doing some re-architecting/refactoring of their legacy apps.

近一半（45％）的公司正在进行至少一些云原生应用程序开发，40％的公司正在对其原有应用程序进行一些重新架构/重构。

1. refactoring 重构，重整

Nearly half (47 percent) say they have now deployed more than 100 containers.

近一半（47％）的人表示他们现在已经部署了100多个容器。

Given that shift, it should not be that surprising that 57 percent now believe agile development and continuous deployment should be the highest business priorities, and that 44 percent say the bigger problem for their company is the need for culture change, compared to only 33 percent who say selecting and integrating the right tools and technologies.

鉴于这种转变，57％的人认为敏捷开发和持续部署应该是业务的最高优先级，而且44％的人认为他们公司面临的更大问题是需要进行文化变革，相比之下只有33％，这应该不足为奇。 谁说选择和整合正确的工具和技术。

1. given ... 鉴于...
2. it should not be that surprising that 不足为奇

Virtual machines and PaaS environments are not ever going away.

虚拟机和PaaS环境永远不会消失。

1. be not ever going away 永远不会消失 （vanish）

They will be employed alongside containers and serverless computing frameworks well into the next decade and beyond.

它们将在未来十年及更长时间内与容器和无服务器计算框架一起使用。

1. employ 使用（不用use）
2. alongside 与...一起
3. the next decade and beyond 未来十年及更长时间