Django内置Admin

作者: 马小跳_ | 来源:发表于2017-12-13 16:54 被阅读15次

    Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:

        依赖APP:
            django.contrib.auth
            django.contrib.contenttypes
            django.contrib.messages
            django.contrib.sessions
    
        模板的context_processors:
            django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
            django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages
    
        中间件:
            django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware 
            django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
    

    一. 配置路由

    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    ]
    

    当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:

    /admin/
    /admin/login/
    /admin/logout/
    /admin/password_change/
    /admin/password_change/done/
    
    /admin/app名称/model名称/
    /admin/app名称/model名称/add/
    /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
    /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
    /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/
    

    二. 定制Admin

    在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:

    admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
    

    但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:

    方式一:
        class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
            list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
     
        admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表
         
     
    方式二:
        @admin.register(models.UserInfo)                # 第一个参数可以是列表
        class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
            list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
    

    ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如:

    1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')
     
        def xxxxx(self, obj):
            return "xxxxx"
    
    1. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')
        list_display_links = ('pwd',)
    
    1. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
     
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ('user', 'pwd')
     
        class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):
            title = _('decade born')
            parameter_name = 'xxxxxx'
     
            def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
                """
                显示筛选选项
                :param request:
                :param model_admin:
                :return:
                """
                return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title')
     
            def queryset(self, request, queryset):
                """
                点击查询时,进行筛选
                :param request:
                :param queryset:
                :return:
                """
                v = self.value()
                return queryset.filter(ug=v)
     
        list_filter = ('user',Ugg,)
    
    1. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related

    2. 分页相关

    # 分页,每页显示条数
        list_per_page = 100
     
    # 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)
        list_max_show_all = 200
     
    # 分页插件
        paginator = Paginator
    
    1. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',)
        list_editable = ('ug',)
    
    1. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')
    
    1. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        date_hierarchy = 'ctime'
    
    1. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件

    2. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”

    3. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑

    save_as_continue = True
     
    # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。
    # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。
     
    New in Django 1.10.
    
    1. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮

    2. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除

    class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline
        extra = 0
        model = models.UserInfo
     
    class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ('id', 'title',)
        inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]
    
    1. action,列表时,定制action中的操作
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     
        # 定制Action行为具体方法
        def func(self, request, queryset):
            print(self, request, queryset)
            print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action'))
     
        func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"
        actions = [func, ]
     
        # Action选项都是在页面上方显示
        actions_on_top = True
        # Action选项都是在页面下方显示
        actions_on_bottom = False
     
        # 是否显示选择个数
        actions_selection_counter = True
    
    1. 定制HTML模板
    add_form_template = None
    change_form_template = None
    change_list_template = None
    delete_confirmation_template = None
    delete_selected_confirmation_template = None
    object_history_template = None
    
    1. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)
    
    1. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        fields = ('user',)
    
    1. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        exclude = ('user',)
    
    1. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        readonly_fields = ('user',)
    
    1. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        fieldsets = (
            ('基本数据', {
                'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',)
            }),
            ('其他', {
                'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'),  # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'
                'fields': ('user', 'pwd'),
            }),
        )
    
    1. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)
    
    1. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        ordering = ('-id',)
        或
        def get_ordering(self, request):
            return ['-id', ]
    
    1. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
    view_on_site = False
    或
    def view_on_site(self, obj):
        return 'https://www.baidu.com'
    
    1. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
    radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL
    
    1. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)
        # show_full_result_count = False  # 1 result (Show all)
        search_fields = ('user',)
    
    1. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件
    from django.forms import widgets
    from django.utils.html import format_html
     
    class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):
        def __init__(self, attrs=None):
            # Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box
            default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'}
            if attrs:
                default_attrs.update(attrs)
            super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)
     
        def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
            if value is None:
                value = ''
            final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
            return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value)
     
     
     
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     
        formfield_overrides = {
            models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea},
        }
    
    1. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     
        prepopulated_fields = {"�email": ("user","pwd",)}
    

    PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充

    1. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
    from app01 import models
    from django.forms import ModelForm
    from django.forms import fields
     
     
    class MyForm(ModelForm):
        others = fields.CharField()
     
        class Meta:
            model = models = models.UserInfo
            fields = "__all__"
     
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     
        form = MyForm
    
    1. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
    @admin.register(models.UserInfo)
    class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示"
     
        list_display = ('user','pwd','up')
     
        def up(self,obj):
            return obj.user
        up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"
    

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