第一步 新建一个Nginx源
为了获得最新版的nginx，nginx安装说明建议直接从nginx官网下载，需要新建一个源。vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
内容如下：
[nginx] //源名称，会被yum识别
name= nginx repo //文件功能说明，只是便于理解这个文件的作用
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$releasever/$basearch/ //地址，非常重要，其中7(针对7.x)是版本，x86_64是CPU基本体系
gpgcheck=0 //gpg校验，0代表不校验，1代表校验
enabled=1 //启用，0代表不启用，1代表启用
第二步 下载
# yum install nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror
nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
nginx/7/x86_64/primary_db | 24 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.cn99.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.cn99.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.12.0-1.el7.ngx 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
==========================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
==========================================================================================
正在安装:
nginx x86_64 1:1.12.0-1.el7.ngx nginx 716 k
事务概要
==========================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：716 k
安装大小：2.5 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
nginx-1.12.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm | 716 kB 00:00:03
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : 1:nginx-1.12.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thanks for using nginx!
# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.12.0
第三步 主要信息
如何查找安装软件的位置信息？？？？
yum是基于·rpm·的，用rpm -ql就可以了
rpm 全名是** “RedHat Package Manager"，简称则为RPM**。当被这个软件管理机制是由Red Hat这家公司发展来的。RPM是以一种数据记录的方式来将你所需要的软件安装到你的Linux系统的一套管理机制。rpm的优点如下：
1. RPM内含已编译过的程序与设置文件等数据，可以让用户免除重新编译的困扰。
2. RPM在被安装之前，会先检查系统的硬盘容量、操作系统版本等，可避免文件被错误安装。
3. RPM文件本身提供软件版本信息、依赖属性软件名称、软件用途说明、软件所含文件信息，便于了解软件。
4. RPM管理的方式使用数据库记录RPM文件的相关参数，便于升级、删除、查询与验证。
| 路径 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| /etc | 一些设置文件放置的目录如/etc/crontab |
| /usr/bin | 一些可执行文件 |
| /usr/lib | 一些程序使用的动态函数库 |
| /usr/share/doc | 一些基本的软件使用手册与帮助文档 |
| /usr/share/man | 一些man page文件 |
罗列即可
# rpm --help
....
##########
-l, --list 列出软件包中的文件
--queryformat=QUERYFORMAT 使用这种格式打印信息
##########
# rpm -ql nginx | grep nginx
1. /etc/nginx: 默认安装位置；
2. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf： 默认配置信息
第四步 基本设置
CentOS 7 默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙；
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
启动Nginx服务
# service nginx start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start nginx.service
Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
# journalctl -xe
5月 10 23:46:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit nginx.service has begun starting up.
5月 10 23:46:28 localhost.localdomain nginx[21029]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
5月 10 23:46:28 localhost.localdomain nginx[21029]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
5月 10 23:46:28 localhost.localdomain nginx[21031]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
5月 10 23:46:29 localhost.localdomain nginx[21031]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
5月 10 23:46:29 localhost.localdomain nginx[21031]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
5月 10 23:46:30 localhost.localdomain nginx[21031]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
5月 10 23:46:30 localhost.localdomain nginx[21031]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
5月 10 23:46:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
5月 10 23:46:31 localhost.localdomain nginx[21031]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
5月 10 23:46:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start nginx - high performance web server.
-- Subject: Unit nginx.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit nginx.service has failed.
--
-- The result is failed.
5月 10 23:46:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
5月 10 23:46:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.
5月 10 23:46:31 localhost.localdomain polkitd[658]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:21023:289487 (system bus name :1.
lines 1198-1223/1223 (END)
排除❌
1.检测配置文件是否出错
# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
2.查看日志
# cat /var/log/nginx/error.log
2017/05/10 23:20:48 [emerg] 20747#20747: open() "/var/run/nginx.pid" failed (13: Permission denied)
2017/05/10 23:21:10 [emerg] 20759#20759: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
2017/05/10 23:21:10 [emerg] 20759#20759: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
.....
3.从上看原因似乎出自open() "/var/run/nginx.pid" failed (13: Permission denied);
但是·/var/run·下没有·nginx.pid·
查看ps -ef | grep nginx
# ps -ef |grep nginx
root 17680 1 0 22:59 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx 17681 17680 0 22:59 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 21063 13071 0 23:53 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# kill -9 17680
# kill -9 21063
# service nginx start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start nginx.service
# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 四 2017-05-11 00:43:27 EDT; 2s ago
Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Process: 2467 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 2466 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
# ps -ef |grep nginx
root 21141 1 0 00:26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 21142 21141 0 00:26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 21179 13071 0 00:34 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
以上的操作是在vmware中配置的Nginx，此时Nginx服务已经开启，虚拟机地址：http://172.16.46.172 浏览器中访问如下：
success
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