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Spring中使用LocalDateTime、LocalDate

Spring中使用LocalDateTime、LocalDate

作者: TinyThing | 来源:发表于2018-12-15 22:01 被阅读615次

    0x0 背景

    项目中使用LocalDateTime系列作为dto中时间的类型,但是spring收到参数后总报错,为了全局配置时间类型转换,尝试了如下3中方法。
    注:本文基于Springboot2.0测试,如果无法生效可能是spring版本较低导致的。PS:如果你的Controller中的LocalDate类型的参数啥注解(RequestParam、PathVariable等)都没加,也是会出错的,因为默认情况下,解析这种参数使用ModelAttributeMethodProcessor进行处理,而这个处理器要通过反射实例化一个对象出来,然后再对对象中的各个参数进行convert,但是LocalDate类没有构造函数,无法反射实例化因此会报错!!!

    0x1 当LocalDateTime作为RequestParam或者PathVariable时

    这种情况要和时间作为Json字符串时区别对待,因为前端json转后端pojo底层使用的是Json序列化Jackson工具(HttpMessgeConverter);而时间字符串作为普通请求参数传入时,转换用的是Converter,两者有区别哦。
    在这种情况下,有如下几种方案:

    1. 使用Converter

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
    import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
    
    import java.time.LocalDate;
    import java.time.LocalDateTime;
    import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
    
    @Configuration
    public class DateConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public Converter<String, LocalDate> localDateConverter() {
            return new Converter<>() {
                @Override
                public LocalDate convert(String source) {
                    return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));
                }
            };
        }
    
        @Bean
        public Converter<String, LocalDateTime> localDateTimeConverter() {
            return new Converter<>() {
                @Override
                public LocalDateTime convert(String source) {
                    return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
                }
            };
        }
    
    }
    

    以上两个bean会注入到spring mvc的参数解析器(好像叫做ParameterConversionService),当传入的字符串要转为LocalDateTime类时,spring会调用该Converter对这个入参进行转换。

    2. 使用ControllerAdvice配合initBinder

    @ControllerAdvice
    public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    
        @InitBinder
        protected void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
            binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDate.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
                @Override
                public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                    setValue(LocalDate.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));
                }
            });
            binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDateTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
                @Override
                public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                    setValue(LocalDateTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
                }
            });
            binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
                @Override
                public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                    setValue(LocalTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss")));
                }
            });
        }
    }
    

    从名字就可以看出来,这是在controller做环切(这里面还可以全局异常捕获),在参数进入handler之前进行转换;转换为我们相应的对象。

    0x2 当LocalDateTime作为Json形式传入

    这种情况下,如同上文描述,要利用Jackson的json序列化和反序列化来做:

    @Configuration
    public class JacksonConfig {
    
        /** 默认日期时间格式 */
        public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
        /** 默认日期格式 */
        public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
        /** 默认时间格式 */
        public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";
    
    
        @Bean
        public ObjectMapper objectMapper(){
            ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    //            objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
    //            objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);
            JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
            javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
            objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule).registerModule(new ParameterNamesModule());
            return objectMapper;
        }
    
    }
    

    0x3 来个完整的配置吧

    package com.fly.hi.common.config;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateDeserializer;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateTimeDeserializer;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalTimeDeserializer;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateSerializer;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateTimeSerializer;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalTimeSerializer;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.text.ParseException;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.time.LocalDate;
    import java.time.LocalDateTime;
    import java.time.LocalTime;
    import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    @Configuration
    public class DateConfig {
    
        /** 默认日期时间格式 */
        public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
        /** 默认日期格式 */
        public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
        /** 默认时间格式 */
        public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";
    
        /**
         * LocalDate转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
         */
        @Bean
        public Converter<String, LocalDate> localDateConverter() {
            return new Converter<>() {
                @Override
                public LocalDate convert(String source) {
                    return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT));
                }
            };
        }
    
        /**
         * LocalDateTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
         */
        @Bean
        public Converter<String, LocalDateTime> localDateTimeConverter() {
            return new Converter<>() {
                @Override
                public LocalDateTime convert(String source) {
                    return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT));
                }
            };
        }
    
        /**
         * LocalTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
         */
        @Bean
        public Converter<String, LocalTime> localTimeConverter() {
            return new Converter<>() {
                @Override
                public LocalTime convert(String source) {
                    return LocalTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT));
                }
            };
        }
    
        /**
         * Date转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
         */
        @Bean
        public Converter<String, Date> dateConverter() {
            return new Converter<>() {
                @Override
                public Date convert(String source) {
                    SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
                    try {
                        return format.parse(source);
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                }
            };
        }
    
    
        /**
         * Json序列化和反序列化转换器,用于转换Post请求体中的json以及将我们的对象序列化为返回响应的json
         */
        @Bean
        public ObjectMapper objectMapper(){
            ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
            objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
            objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);
    
            //LocalDateTime系列序列化和反序列化模块,继承自jsr310,我们在这里修改了日期格式
            JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
            javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
            javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
    
    
            //Date序列化和反序列化
            javaTimeModule.addSerializer(Date.class, new JsonSerializer<>() {
                @Override
                public void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
                    SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
                    String formattedDate = formatter.format(date);
                    jsonGenerator.writeString(formattedDate);
                }
            });
            javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer<>() {
                @Override
                public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
                    SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
                    String date = jsonParser.getText();
                    try {
                        return format.parse(date);
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                }
            });
    
            objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);
            return objectMapper;
        }
    
    
    }
    
    

    0x4 深入研究SpringMVC数据绑定过程

    接下来进入debug模式,看看mvc是如何将我们request中的参数绑定到我们controller层方法入参的:

    写一个简单controller,下个断点看看方法调用栈:

        @GetMapping("/getDate")
        public LocalDateTime getDate(@RequestParam LocalDate date,
                                     @RequestParam LocalDateTime dateTime,
                                     @RequestParam Date originalDate) {
            System.out.println(date);
            System.out.println(dateTime);
            System.out.println(originalDate);
            return LocalDateTime.now();
        }
    

    断住以后,我们看下方法调用栈中一些关键方法:

    //进入DispatcherServlet
    doService:942, DispatcherServlet
    //处理请求
    doDispatch:1038, DispatcherServlet
    //生成调用链(前处理、实际调用方法、后处理)
    handle:87, AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
    //反射获取到实际调用方法,准备开始调用
    invokeHandlerMethod:895, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
    invokeAndHandle:102, ServletInvocableHandlerMethod
    //这里是关键,参数从这里开始获取到
    invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod
    doInvoke:215, InvocableHandlerMethod
    //这个是Java reflect调用,因此一定是在这之前获取到的参数
    invoke:566, Method
    

    根据上述分析,发现invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod这里的代码是用来拿到实际参数的:

        @Nullable
        public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
                Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
            //这个方法是获取参数的,在这里下个断
            Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));
            }
            //这里开始调用方法
            return doInvoke(args);
        }
    

    进入这个方法看看是什么操作:

    protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
                Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
            //获取方法参数数组,包含了入参信息,比如类型、泛型等等
            MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
            //这个用来存放一会从request parameter转换的参数
            Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
            for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
                MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
                parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
                //这里看起来没啥卵用(providedArgs为空)
                args[i] = resolveProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
                //这里开始获取到方法实际调用的参数,步进
                if (this.argumentResolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
                    //从名字就看出来:参数解析器解析参数
                    args[i] = this.argumentResolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
                    continue;
                }
            }
            return args;
        }
    

    进入resolveArgument看看:

        public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
                NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
            //根据方法入参,获取对应的解析器
            HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver = getArgumentResolver(parameter);
             //开始解析参数(把请求中的parameter转为方法的入参)
            return resolver.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, webRequest, binderFactory);
        }
    

    这里根据参数获取相应的参数解析器,看看内部如何获取的:

    //遍历,调用supportParameter方法,跟进看看
                for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver methodArgumentResolver : this.argumentResolvers) {
                    if (methodArgumentResolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
                        result = methodArgumentResolver;
                        this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);
                        break;
                    }
                }
    

    这里,遍历参数解析器,查找有没有适合的解析器!那么,有哪些参数解析器呢(我测试的时候有26个)???我列出几个重要的看看,是不是很眼熟!!!

    {RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver@7686} 
    {PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver@8359} 
    {RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor@8366} 
    {RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver@8367} 
    

    我们进入最常用的一个解析器看看他的supportsParameter方法,发现就是通过参数注解来获取相应的解析器的。

        public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
            //如果参数拥有注解@RequestParam,则走这个分支(知道为什么上文要对RequestParam和Json两种数据区别对待了把)
            if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) {
                //这个似乎是对Optional类型的参数进行处理的
                if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.nestedIfOptional().getNestedParameterType())) {
                    RequestParam requestParam = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class);
                    return (requestParam != null && StringUtils.hasText(requestParam.name()));
                }
                else {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            //......
        }
    

    也就是说,对于@RequestParam@RequestBody以及@PathVariable注解的参数,SpringMVC会使用不通的参数解析器进行数据绑定!
    那么,这三种解析器分别使用什么Converter解析参数呢?我们分别进入三种解析器看一看:
    首先看下RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver发现内部使用WebDataBinder进行数据绑定,底层使用的是ConversionService (也就是我们的Converter注入的地方)

    
    WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, null, namedValueInfo.name);
    //通过DataBinder进行数据绑定的
    arg = binder.convertIfNecessary(arg, parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
    
    
        //跟进convertIfNecessary()
        public <T> T convertIfNecessary(@Nullable Object value, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType,
                @Nullable MethodParameter methodParam) throws TypeMismatchException {
    
            return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(value, requiredType, methodParam);
        }
    
    
            //继续跟进,看到了把
            ConversionService conversionService = this.propertyEditorRegistry.getConversionService();
            if (editor == null && conversionService != null && newValue != null && typeDescriptor != null) {
                TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue);
                if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) {
                    try {
                        return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor);
                    }
                    catch (ConversionFailedException ex) {
                        // fallback to default conversion logic below
                        conversionAttemptEx = ex;
                    }
                }
            }
    
    

    然后看下RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor发现使用的转换器是HttpMessageConverter类型的:

    //resolveArgument方法内部调用下面进行参数解析
    Object arg = readWithMessageConverters(webRequest, parameter, parameter.getNestedGenericParameterType());
    
    //step into readWithMessageConverters(),我们看到这里的Converter是HttpMessageConverter
                for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
                    Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass();
                    GenericHttpMessageConverter<?> genericConverter =
                            (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
                    if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :
                            (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {
                        if (message.hasBody()) {
                            HttpInputMessage msgToUse =
                                    getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                            body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :
                                    ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));
                            body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                        }
                        else {
                            body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
    

    最后看下PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver发现 和RequestParam走的执行路径一致(二者都是继承自AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver解析器),因此代码就不贴了。

    0xFF总结

    如果要转换request传来的参数到我们指定的类型,根据入参注解要进行区分:

    1. 如果是RequestBody,那么通过配置ObjectMapper(这个玩意儿会注入到Jackson的HttpMessagConverter里面,即MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter中)来实现Json格式数据的序列化和反序列化;
    2. 如果是RequestParam或者PathVariable类型的参数,通过配置Converter实现参数转换(这些Converter会注入到ConversionService中)。

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