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(翻译)vue-property-decorator

(翻译)vue-property-decorator

作者: 卡拉咖啦 | 来源:发表于2019-12-21 15:09 被阅读0次

    vue-property-decorator

    本文翻译自 vue-property-decorator

    这个库彻底依赖 vue-class-component 库,请在使用这个库之前先阅读它的 readme

    安装

    npm i -S vue-property-decorator
    

    用法

    这里有一些修饰器(decorators)以及一个函数(Mixin)
    @Prop
    @PropSync
    @Model
    @Watch
    @Provide
    @Inject
    @ProvideReactive
    @InjectReactive
    @Emit
    @Ref
    @Component (由 vue-class-component 提供)
    Mixins (帮助函数 mixins 由 vue-class-component 提供)

    另请查阅

    (vuex-class)[https://github.com/ktsn/vuex-class/]

    <a id="Prop"></a> @Prop(options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})修饰器

    import { Vue, Component, Prop } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    @Component
    export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
      @Prop(Number) readonly propA: number | undefined
      @Prop({ default: 'default value' }) readonly propB!: string
      @Prop([String, Boolean]) readonly propC: string | boolean | undefined
    }
    

    等同于

    export default {
      props: {
        propA: {
          type: Number
        },
        propB: {
          default: 'default value'
        },
        propC: {
          type: [String, Boolean]
        }
      }
    }
    

    注意:
    如果你想要通过 type 设置给每个 prop 值设置 type 属性,你可以使用 reflect-metadata

    1.设置 emitDecoratorMetadatatrue
    2.在引入 vue-property-decorator 之前引入 reflect-metadata(只需要引入一次)

    import 'reflect-metadata'
    import { Vue, Component, Prop } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    @Component
    export default class MyComponent extends Vue {
      @Prop() age!: number
    }
    

    每个 prop 的默认值必须向上面这样定义

    不支持像这样定义默认值:@Prop() prop = 'default value'

    <a id="PropSync"></a> @PropSync(propName: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator

    import { Vue, Component, PropSync } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    @Component
    export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
      @PropSync('name', { type: String }) syncedName!: string
    }
    

    等同于:

    export default {
      props: {
        name: {
          type: String
        }
      },
      computed: {
        syncedName: {
          get() {
            return this.name
          },
          set(value) {
            this.$emit('update:name', value)
          }
        }
      }
    }
    

    不同于仅仅像 @Prop 一样工作,也不同于仅仅是把 propName 当做修饰器的参数,它还自动进一步帮我们创建了一个计算属性的 getter 和 setter,通过这样的方式,你可以像 data 属性一样使用这个属性,与此同时,我们只需要在父组件添加 .sync 修饰符

    <a id="Model"></a> @Model(event?: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator

    import { Vue, Component, Model } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    @Component
    export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
      @Model('change', { type: Boolean }) readonly checked!: boolean
    }
    

    等同于:

    export default {
      model: {
        prop: 'checked',
        event: 'change'
      },
      props: {
        checked: {
          type: Boolean
        }
      }
    }
    

    @Model 属性也可以通过 reflect-metadata 来设置默认类型

    <a id="Watch"></a> @Watch(path: string, options: WatchOptions = {}) decorator

    import { Vue, Component, Watch } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    @Component
    export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
      @Watch('child')
      onChildChanged(val: string, oldVal: string) {}
    
      @Watch('person', { immediate: true, deep: true })
      onPersonChanged1(val: Person, oldVal: Person) {}
    
      @Watch('person')
      onPersonChanged2(val: Person, oldVal: Person) {}
    }
    

    等同于

    export default {
      watch: {
        child: [
          {
            handler: 'onChildChanged',
            immediate: false,
            deep: false
          }
        ],
        person: [
          {
            handler: 'onPersonChanged1',
            immediate: true,
            deep: true
          },
          {
            handler: 'onPersonChanged2',
            immediate: false,
            deep: false
          }
        ]
      },
      methods: {
        onChildChanged(val, oldVal) {},
        onPersonChanged1(val, oldVal) {},
        onPersonChanged2(val, oldVal) {}
      }
    }
    

    <a id="Provide"></a><a id="Inject"></a> @Provide(key?: string | symbol) / @Inject(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator

    import { Component, Inject, Provide, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    const symbol = Symbol('baz')
    
    @Component
    export class MyComponent extends Vue {
      @Inject() readonly foo!: string
      @Inject('bar') readonly bar!: string
      @Inject({ from: 'optional', default: 'default' }) readonly optional!: string
      @Inject(symbol) readonly baz!: string
    
      @Provide() foo = 'foo'
      @Provide('bar') baz = 'bar'
    }
    

    等同于

    const symbol = Symbol('baz')
    
    export const MyComponent = Vue.extend({
      inject: {
        foo: 'foo',
        bar: 'bar',
        optional: { from: 'optional', default: 'default' },
        [symbol]: symbol
      },
      data() {
        return {
          foo: 'foo',
          baz: 'bar'
        }
      },
      provide() {
        return {
          foo: this.foo,
          bar: this.baz
        }
      }
    })
    

    <a id="ProvideReactive"></a><a id="InjectReactive"></a> @ProvideReactive(key?: string | symbol) / @InjectReactive(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator

    这个是 @Provide@Inject的响应式版本,如果一个提供(provide)的值在父组件修改了,子组件可以捕捉到这些更改

    const key = Symbol()
    @Component
    class ParentComponent extends Vue {
      @ProvideReactive() one = 'value'
      @ProvideReactive(key) two = 'value'
    }
    
    @Component
    class ChildComponent extends Vue {
      @InjectReactive() one!: string
      @InjectReactive(key) two!: string
    }
    

    <a id="Emit"></a> @Emit(event?: string) decorator

    @Emit 修饰的函数,会 $emit 它返回的值,以及它的参数(放在返回值后面),如果返回的是一个 promise,会先 resolved 再触发事件。
    如果 @Emit 后面没有跟着事件名作为参数,函数名会作为事件名称,在这种情况下,驼峰式的名字会被改为短横线隔开式(kebab-case)

    import { Vue, Component, Emit } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    @Component
    export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
      count = 0
    
      @Emit()
      addToCount(n: number) {
        this.count += n
      }
    
      @Emit('reset')
      resetCount() {
        this.count = 0
      }
    
      @Emit()
      returnValue() {
        return 10
      }
    
      @Emit()
      onInputChange(e) {
        return e.target.value
      }
    
      @Emit()
      promise() {
        return new Promise(resolve => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            resolve(20)
          }, 0)
        })
      }
    }
    

    等同于

    export default {
      data() {
        return {
          count: 0
        }
      },
      methods: {
        addToCount(n) {
          this.count += n
          this.$emit('add-to-count', n)
        },
        resetCount() {
          this.count = 0
          this.$emit('reset')
        },
        returnValue() {
          this.$emit('return-value', 10)
        },
        onInputChange(e) {
          this.$emit('on-input-change', e.target.value, e)
        },
        promise() {
          const promise = new Promise(resolve => {
            setTimeout(() => {
              resolve(20)
            }, 0)
          })
    
          promise.then(value => {
            this.$emit('promise', value)
          })
        }
      }
    }
    

    <a id="Ref"></a> @Ref(refKey?: string) decorator

    import { Vue, Component, Ref } from 'vue-property-decorator'
    
    import AnotherComponent from '@/path/to/another-component.vue'
    
    @Component
    export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
      @Ref() readonly anotherComponent!: AnotherComponent
      @Ref('aButton') readonly button!: HTMLButtonElement
    }
    

    等同于

    export default {
      computed() {
        anotherComponent: {
          cache: false,
          get() {
            return this.$refs.anotherComponent as AnotherComponent
          }
        },
        button: {
          cache: false,
          get() {
            return this.$refs.aButton as HTMLButtonElement
          }
        }
      }
    }
    

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