vue-property-decorator
本文翻译自 vue-property-decorator
这个库彻底依赖 vue-class-component 库,请在使用这个库之前先阅读它的 readme
安装
npm i -S vue-property-decorator
用法
这里有一些修饰器(decorators)以及一个函数(Mixin)
@Prop
@PropSync
@Model
@Watch
@Provide
@Inject
@ProvideReactive
@InjectReactive
@Emit
@Ref
@Component (由 vue-class-component 提供)
Mixins (帮助函数 mixins 由 vue-class-component 提供)
另请查阅
(vuex-class)[https://github.com/ktsn/vuex-class/]
<a id="Prop"></a> @Prop(options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})
修饰器
import { Vue, Component, Prop } from 'vue-property-decorator'
@Component
export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
@Prop(Number) readonly propA: number | undefined
@Prop({ default: 'default value' }) readonly propB!: string
@Prop([String, Boolean]) readonly propC: string | boolean | undefined
}
等同于
export default {
props: {
propA: {
type: Number
},
propB: {
default: 'default value'
},
propC: {
type: [String, Boolean]
}
}
}
注意:
如果你想要通过 type 设置给每个 prop 值设置 type
属性,你可以使用 reflect-metadata
1.设置 emitDecoratorMetadata
为 true
2.在引入 vue-property-decorator
之前引入 reflect-metadata
(只需要引入一次)
import 'reflect-metadata'
import { Vue, Component, Prop } from 'vue-property-decorator'
@Component
export default class MyComponent extends Vue {
@Prop() age!: number
}
每个 prop 的默认值必须向上面这样定义
不支持像这样定义默认值:@Prop() prop = 'default value'
<a id="PropSync"></a> @PropSync(propName: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator
import { Vue, Component, PropSync } from 'vue-property-decorator'
@Component
export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
@PropSync('name', { type: String }) syncedName!: string
}
等同于:
export default {
props: {
name: {
type: String
}
},
computed: {
syncedName: {
get() {
return this.name
},
set(value) {
this.$emit('update:name', value)
}
}
}
}
不同于仅仅像 @Prop
一样工作,也不同于仅仅是把 propName 当做修饰器的参数,它还自动进一步帮我们创建了一个计算属性的 getter 和 setter,通过这样的方式,你可以像 data 属性一样使用这个属性,与此同时,我们只需要在父组件添加 .sync
修饰符
<a id="Model"></a> @Model(event?: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator
import { Vue, Component, Model } from 'vue-property-decorator'
@Component
export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
@Model('change', { type: Boolean }) readonly checked!: boolean
}
等同于:
export default {
model: {
prop: 'checked',
event: 'change'
},
props: {
checked: {
type: Boolean
}
}
}
@Model 属性也可以通过 reflect-metadata
来设置默认类型
<a id="Watch"></a> @Watch(path: string, options: WatchOptions = {}) decorator
import { Vue, Component, Watch } from 'vue-property-decorator'
@Component
export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
@Watch('child')
onChildChanged(val: string, oldVal: string) {}
@Watch('person', { immediate: true, deep: true })
onPersonChanged1(val: Person, oldVal: Person) {}
@Watch('person')
onPersonChanged2(val: Person, oldVal: Person) {}
}
等同于
export default {
watch: {
child: [
{
handler: 'onChildChanged',
immediate: false,
deep: false
}
],
person: [
{
handler: 'onPersonChanged1',
immediate: true,
deep: true
},
{
handler: 'onPersonChanged2',
immediate: false,
deep: false
}
]
},
methods: {
onChildChanged(val, oldVal) {},
onPersonChanged1(val, oldVal) {},
onPersonChanged2(val, oldVal) {}
}
}
<a id="Provide"></a><a id="Inject"></a> @Provide(key?: string | symbol) / @Inject(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator
import { Component, Inject, Provide, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator'
const symbol = Symbol('baz')
@Component
export class MyComponent extends Vue {
@Inject() readonly foo!: string
@Inject('bar') readonly bar!: string
@Inject({ from: 'optional', default: 'default' }) readonly optional!: string
@Inject(symbol) readonly baz!: string
@Provide() foo = 'foo'
@Provide('bar') baz = 'bar'
}
等同于
const symbol = Symbol('baz')
export const MyComponent = Vue.extend({
inject: {
foo: 'foo',
bar: 'bar',
optional: { from: 'optional', default: 'default' },
[symbol]: symbol
},
data() {
return {
foo: 'foo',
baz: 'bar'
}
},
provide() {
return {
foo: this.foo,
bar: this.baz
}
}
})
<a id="ProvideReactive"></a><a id="InjectReactive"></a> @ProvideReactive(key?: string | symbol) / @InjectReactive(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator
这个是 @Provide
和@Inject
的响应式版本,如果一个提供(provide)的值在父组件修改了,子组件可以捕捉到这些更改
const key = Symbol()
@Component
class ParentComponent extends Vue {
@ProvideReactive() one = 'value'
@ProvideReactive(key) two = 'value'
}
@Component
class ChildComponent extends Vue {
@InjectReactive() one!: string
@InjectReactive(key) two!: string
}
<a id="Emit"></a> @Emit(event?: string) decorator
被 @Emit
修饰的函数,会 $emit
它返回的值,以及它的参数(放在返回值后面),如果返回的是一个 promise,会先 resolved 再触发事件。
如果 @Emit
后面没有跟着事件名作为参数,函数名会作为事件名称,在这种情况下,驼峰式的名字会被改为短横线隔开式(kebab-case)
import { Vue, Component, Emit } from 'vue-property-decorator'
@Component
export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
count = 0
@Emit()
addToCount(n: number) {
this.count += n
}
@Emit('reset')
resetCount() {
this.count = 0
}
@Emit()
returnValue() {
return 10
}
@Emit()
onInputChange(e) {
return e.target.value
}
@Emit()
promise() {
return new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(20)
}, 0)
})
}
}
等同于
export default {
data() {
return {
count: 0
}
},
methods: {
addToCount(n) {
this.count += n
this.$emit('add-to-count', n)
},
resetCount() {
this.count = 0
this.$emit('reset')
},
returnValue() {
this.$emit('return-value', 10)
},
onInputChange(e) {
this.$emit('on-input-change', e.target.value, e)
},
promise() {
const promise = new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(20)
}, 0)
})
promise.then(value => {
this.$emit('promise', value)
})
}
}
}
<a id="Ref"></a> @Ref(refKey?: string) decorator
import { Vue, Component, Ref } from 'vue-property-decorator'
import AnotherComponent from '@/path/to/another-component.vue'
@Component
export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
@Ref() readonly anotherComponent!: AnotherComponent
@Ref('aButton') readonly button!: HTMLButtonElement
}
等同于
export default {
computed() {
anotherComponent: {
cache: false,
get() {
return this.$refs.anotherComponent as AnotherComponent
}
},
button: {
cache: false,
get() {
return this.$refs.aButton as HTMLButtonElement
}
}
}
}
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