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Spring事务控制

Spring事务控制

作者: 我可能是个假开发 | 来源:发表于2020-02-25 22:14 被阅读0次

一、Spring中事务控制常用API

1.PlatformTransactionManager

spring 的事务管理器，提供了常用的操作事务的方法：
①获取事务状态信息TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition)
②提交事务void commit(TransactionStatus status)
③回滚事务void rollback(TransactionStatus status)

使用SpringJDBC或myBatis进行持久化数据时使用：org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
使用Hibernate进行持久化数据时使用：org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager

2.TransactionDefinition

事务的定义信息对象，常用方法：
①获取事务对象名称：String getName()
②获取事务隔离级别：int getIsolationLevel()
③获取事务传播行为：int getPropagationBehavior()
④获取事务超时时间：int getTimeout()
⑤获取事务是否只读：boolean isReadOnly()

2.1事务隔离级别
事务隔离级别反映事务提交并发访问时的处理方式
①默认级别：ISOLATION_DEFAULt
②可以读取未提交数据：ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
③只能读取已提交数据，解决脏读问题（Oracle默认级别）：ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED
④是否读取其他事务提交修改后的数据，解决不可重复读问题（MySql默认级别）：ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ
⑤是否读取其他事务提交添加后的数据，解决幻读问题：ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE

2.2事务的传播行为

  • REQUIRED:如果当前没有事务，就新建一个事务，如果已经存在一个事务中，加入到这个事务中。（默认值）
  • SUPPORTS:支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就以非事务方式执行（没有事务）
  • MANDATORY：使用当前的事务，如果当前没有事务，就抛出异常
  • REQUERS_NEW:新建事务，如果当前在事务中，把当前事务挂起
  • NOT_SUPPORTED:以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前存在事务，就把当前事务挂起
  • NEVER:以非事务方式运行，如果当前存在事务，抛出异常
  • NESTED:如果当前存在事务，则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务，则执行 REQUIRED 类似的操作

2.3超时时间
默认值是-1，没有超时限制。如果有，以秒为单位进行设置。

2.4是否是只读事务
查询时建议设置为只读。

3.TransactionStatus

提供的事务具体的运行状态，描述某个时间点上事务对象的状态信息，包含6个操作：

  • 刷新事务：void flush()
  • 获取是否是存在的存储点：boolean hasSavepoint()
  • 获取事务是否完成：boolean isCompleted()
  • 获取事务是否为新的事务：boolean isNewTransaction()
  • 获取事务是否回滚：boolean isRollbackOnly()
  • 设置事务回滚：void setRollbackOnly()

二、基于xml的声明式事务管理

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hcx</groupId>
    <artifactId>springtx</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.38</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <!--配置账户的业务层-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.hcx.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置账户的持久层-->
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.hcx.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myexecise"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--============================================事务配置开始=====================================================-->

    <!--第一步： 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二步：配置事务通知：需要事务约束、tx命名空间约束、aop约束-->
    <!--
        id:事务通知唯一标识
        transaction-manager:为事务通知提供事务管理器
    -->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <!-- 第五步：配置事务的属性
                isolation：指定事务的隔离级别。默认值是DEFAULT，表示使用数据库的默认隔离级别。
                propagation：指定事务的传播行为。默认值是REQUIRED，表示一定会有事务，增删改的选择。查询方法可以选择SUPPORTS。
                read-only：指定事务是否只读。只有查询方法才能设置为true。默认值是false，表示读写。
                timeout：指定事务的超时时间，默认值是-1，表示永不超时。如果指定了数值，以秒为单位。
                rollback-for：指定一个异常，当产生该异常时，事务回滚，产生其他异常时，事务不回滚。没有默认值,表示任何异常都回滚。
                no-rollback-for：指定一个异常，当产生该异常时，事务不回滚，产生其他异常时事务回滚。没有默认值,表示任何异常都回滚。
        -->
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"></tx:method>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!-- 第三步：配置aop-->
    <aop:config>
        <!-- 配置切入点表达式-->
        <aop:pointcut id="pt1" expression="execution(* com.hcx.service.impl.*.*(..))"></aop:pointcut>
        <!--第四步：建立切入点表达式和事务通知的对应关系 -->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt1"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>

    <!--============================================事务配置结束=====================================================-->

</beans>

AccountService:

public interface AccountService {
    Account findAccountById(Integer accountId);
    /**
     * 转账
     * @param source 转出账户
     * @param target 转入账户
     * @param money 金额
     */
    void transfer(String source,String target,Float money);
}

AccountServiceImpl:

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{

    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
        return accountDao.selectAccountById(accountId);
    }

    @Override
    public void transfer(String source, String target, Float money) {
        Account sourceAccount = accountDao.selectAccountByName(source);
        Account targetAccount = accountDao.selectAccountByName(target);

        sourceAccount.setMoney(sourceAccount.getMoney()-money);
        targetAccount.setMoney(targetAccount.getMoney()+money);

        accountDao.updateAccount(sourceAccount);

        //异常,设置了事务，失败了，则前面的操作可以回滚
        int i= 1/0;

        accountDao.updateAccount(targetAccount);
    }
}

AccountDao：

public interface AccountDao {
    Account selectAccountById(Integer accountId);
    Account selectAccountByName(String name);
    void updateAccount(Account account);
}

AccountDaoImpl:

public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AccountDao {

    @Override
    public Account selectAccountById(Integer id) {
        List<Account> accounts = getJdbcTemplate().query("SELECT * FROM account WHERE id=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Account.class), id);

        return accounts.isEmpty()?null:accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public Account selectAccountByName(String name) {
        List<Account> accounts = getJdbcTemplate().query("SELECT * FROM account WHERE name=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Account.class), name);
        if(accounts.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }else if(accounts.size()>1){
            throw new RuntimeException("多条结果");
        }else {
            return accounts.get(0);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        getJdbcTemplate().update("UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }
}

测试：

package com.hcx.test;

import com.hcx.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:beans.xml")
public class AccountServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void testTransfer(){
        accountService.transfer("hcx","xh",200f);
    }
}

三、基于注解的声明式事务管理

beans.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--配置spring创建容器要扫描的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hcx"></context:component-scan>

    <!--配置JdbcTemplate-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myexecise"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--============================================事务配置开始=====================================================-->

    <!--第一步： 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二步：开启spring对注解事务的支持-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>

    <!--第三步：在需要使用事务的地方使用@Transactional注解-->

    <!--============================================事务配置结束=====================================================-->

</beans>

AccountDaoImpl:

package com.hcx.dao.impl;

import com.hcx.dao.AccountDao;
import com.hcx.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Override
    public Account selectAccountById(Integer id) {
        List<Account> accounts = jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM account WHERE id=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Account.class), id);

        return accounts.isEmpty()?null:accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public Account selectAccountByName(String name) {
        List<Account> accounts = jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM account WHERE name=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Account.class), name);
        if(accounts.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }else if(accounts.size()>1){
            throw new RuntimeException("多条结果");
        }else {
            return accounts.get(0);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }
}

AccountServiceImpl:

package com.hcx.service.impl;

import com.hcx.dao.AccountDao;
import com.hcx.domain.Account;
import com.hcx.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS,readOnly = true) //只读型：执行查询时也会开启事务
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{

    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
        return accountDao.selectAccountById(accountId);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly = false) //读写型：增删改开启事务
    @Override
    public void transfer(String source, String target, Float money) {
        Account sourceAccount = accountDao.selectAccountByName(source);
        Account targetAccount = accountDao.selectAccountByName(target);

        sourceAccount.setMoney(sourceAccount.getMoney()-money);
        targetAccount.setMoney(targetAccount.getMoney()+money);

        accountDao.updateAccount(sourceAccount);

        //异常
        int i= 1/0;

        accountDao.updateAccount(targetAccount);
    }
}

四、纯注解的声明式事务管理

配置类JdbcConfig:

package com.hcx.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * 数据库配置类
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
public class JdbcConfig {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;

    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    /**
     * 创建jdbcTemplate
     * @param dataSource
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "jdbcTemplate")
    public JdbcTemplate createJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){
        return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }

    /**
     * 创建数据源
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource(){
        DriverManagerDataSource dmds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dmds.setDriverClassName(driver);
        dmds.setUrl(url);
        dmds.setUsername(username);
        dmds.setPassword(password);
        return dmds;
    }

}

配置类TransactionConfig：

package com.hcx.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * 事务配置类
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
public class TransactionConfig {

    /**
     * 创建事务管理器对象
     * @param dataSource
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "transactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager createTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }
}

总配置SpringConfiguration:

package com.hcx.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

/**
 * Spring的配置类，相当于beans.xml
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.hcx")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,TransactionConfig.class})
@PropertySource("jdbcConfig.properties")
@EnableTransactionManagement //开启事务注解支持
public class SpringConfiguration {
}

jdbcConfig.properties:

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myexecise
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

测试AccountServiceTest:

package com.hcx.test;

import com.hcx.config.SpringConfiguration;
import com.hcx.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class)
public class AccountServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void testTransfer(){
        accountService.transfer("hcx","xh",200f);
    }

}

五、spring编程式事务控制

AccountDaoImpl：

package com.hcx.dao.impl;

import com.hcx.dao.AccountDao;
import com.hcx.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AccountDao{


    @Override
    public Account selectAccountById(Integer id) {
        List<Account> accounts = getJdbcTemplate().query("SELECT * FROM account WHERE id=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Account.class), id);

        return accounts.isEmpty()?null:accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public Account selectAccountByName(String name) {
        List<Account> accounts = getJdbcTemplate().query("SELECT * FROM account WHERE name=?",
                new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Account.class), name);
        if(accounts.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }else if(accounts.size()>1){
            throw new RuntimeException("多条结果");
        }else {
            return accounts.get(0);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        getJdbcTemplate().update("UPDATE account SET name=?,money=? WHERE id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }
}

AccountServiceImpl:

package com.hcx.service.impl;

import com.hcx.dao.AccountDao;
import com.hcx.domain.Account;
import com.hcx.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

/**
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{

    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;

    public void setTransactionTemplate(TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate) {
        this.transactionTemplate = transactionTemplate;
    }

    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
        return transactionTemplate.execute((TransactionStatus status)->{
            return accountDao.selectAccountById(accountId);
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void transfer(String source, String target, Float money) {
        transactionTemplate.execute((TransactionStatus status)->{
            Account sourceAccount = accountDao.selectAccountByName(source);
            Account targetAccount = accountDao.selectAccountByName(target);

            sourceAccount.setMoney(sourceAccount.getMoney()-money);
            targetAccount.setMoney(targetAccount.getMoney()+money);

            accountDao.updateAccount(sourceAccount);

            //异常
            int i= 1/0;

            accountDao.updateAccount(targetAccount);
            return null;
        });

    }
}

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <!-- 配置业务层-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.hcx.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
        <property name="transactionTemplate" ref="transactionTemplate"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置账户的持久层-->
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.hcx.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myexecise"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>


    <!--事务模板对象-->
    <bean id="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

AccountServiceTest:

package com.hcx.test;

import com.hcx.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * Created by hongcaixia on 2019/2/25.
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:beans.xml")
public class AccountServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void testTransfer(){
        accountService.transfer("hcx","xh",200f);
    }
}

弊端：出现了重复代码（不建议使用）


image.png

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