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iOS蓝牙开发 (二)iOS连接外设的代码实现

iOS蓝牙开发 (二)iOS连接外设的代码实现

作者: Little_Shaun | 来源:发表于2017-08-23 16:39 被阅读26次

    上一篇文章介绍了蓝牙的基本知识,这里我们具体说下,中心模式的应用场景。主设备(手机去扫描连接外设)发现外设服务和属性,操作服务和属性的应用。一般来说,外设(蓝牙设备。比如智能手环之类的东西),会有硬件工程师开发好,并定义好设备提供的服务,每个服务对应的特征,每个特征的属性(只读、只写、通知等等),本文例子的业务场景,就是用一手机APP去读写蓝牙设备。


    一、iOS连接外设的代码实现流程

    1. 建立中心角色
    2. 扫描外设(discover)
    3. 连接外设(connect)
    4. 扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)
      • 4.1 获取外设的services
      • 4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
    5. 与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)
    6. 订阅Characteristic的通知
    7. 断开连接(disconnect)

    二、准备环境

    1. xcode
    2. 开发证书和手机
      3.蓝牙外设

    三、实现步骤
    1.导入CoreBluetooth头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备代理

    #import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
    
    @interface BeCentralVewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
    
    @interface BeCentralVewController (){
        //系统蓝牙设备管理对象,可以把他理解为主设备,通过他,可以去扫描和链接外设
        CBCentralManager *manager;
        //用于保存被发现设备
        NSMutableArray *discoverPeripherals;
    }
    

    一些代理的信息

    /*
         设置主设备的委托,CBCentralManagerDelegate
         必须实现的:
         - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变的委托,在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备,只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
         其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的:
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral 
    */
    
    1. 扫描外设(discover)
      扫描外设的方法我们放在centralManagerDidUpdateState,只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错。
    -(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
        
        switch (central.state) {
            case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
                NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");//初始的时候是未知的(刚刚创建的时候)
                break;
            case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
                NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");//正在充值的状态
                break;
            case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
                NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");//设备不支持的状态
                break;
            case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
                NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");//设备未授权的状态
                break;
            case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
                NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");//设备关闭的状态
                break;
            case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
                NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
                //开始扫描周围的外设
                /*
                 第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设,扫描到外设后会进入
                 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
                 */
                [central scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
                
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        
    }
    

    扫描到设备后会进入下面方法

      -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
    
          NSLog(@"当扫描到设备:%@",peripheral.name);
          //接下来可以连接设备
     }
    

    3.连接设备(connect)

    -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
        
        NSLog(@"当扫描到设备:%@",peripheral.name);
        //接下连接我们的测试设备,如果你没有设备,可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
        //这里自己去设置下连接规则,我设置的是P开头的设备
    //    if ([peripheral.name hasPrefix:@"P"]){
            /*
             一个主设备最多能连7个外设,每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功,失败,断开会进入各自的委托
             - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
             - (void)centra`lManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
             - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
             */
      
            //找到的设备必须持有它,否则CBCentralManager中也不会保存peripheral,那么CBPeripheralDelegate中的方法也不会被调用!!
            [discoverPeripherals addObject:peripheral];
            [central connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
    //    }  
    }
    
    //连接到Peripherals-失败
    -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
    {
        NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-失败,原因:%@",[peripheral name],[error localizedDescription]);
    }
    
    //Peripherals断开连接
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
        NSLog(@">>>外设连接断开连接 %@: %@\n", [peripheral name], [error localizedDescription]);
        
    }
    //连接到Peripherals-成功
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
    {
        NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
        //设置的peripheral委托CBPeripheralDelegate
        //@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
        [peripheral setDelegate:self];
        //扫描外设Services,成功后会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
        [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
        
    }
    

    **
    有一个点非常容易出错,大家请注意,在didDiscoverPeripheral这个代理中有一行,

    /找到的设备必须持有它,否则CBCentralManager中也不会保存peripheral,那么CBPeripheralDelegate中的方法也不会被调用!!
            [discoverPeripherals addObject:peripheral];
    

    请特别注意,如果不保存,会影响到后面的方法执行,这个地方最容易出错,大家也可以看下,在xcode中的说明,重点看@discussion中的内容,里面特别指出了重要的retained对象。

    4.扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)


    设备连接成功后,就可以扫描设备中的服务了,同样是通过代理的形式,扫描到结果后会进入委托方法。但这个委托已经不再是主设备的委托(CBCentralManagerDelegate),而是外设的委托(CBPeripheralDelegate),这个委托包含了主设备与外设交互的许多回调方法,包括获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor,和Descriptor的值,写数据,读rssi,用通知的方式订阅数据等等。
    4.1获取外设的services

    //扫描到Services
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
        //  NSLog(@">>>扫描到服务:%@",peripheral.services);
        if (error)
        {
            NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
            return;
        }
        
        for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
            NSLog(@"%@",service.UUID);
            //扫描每个service的Characteristics,扫描到后会进入方法: -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
            [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
        }
        
    }
    

    4.2获取外设的Chatacteristics,获取Chatacteristics的值,获取Chatacteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值

    //扫描到Characteristics
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
        if (error)
        {
            NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
            return;
        }
        
        for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
        {
            NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
        }
        
        //获取Characteristic的值,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
        for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
            {
                [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
            }
        }
        
        //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
        for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
            [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic];
        }
        
        
    }
    
    //获取的charateristic的值
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
        //打印出characteristic的UUID和值
        //!注意,value的类型是NSData,具体开发时,会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
        NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@  value:%@",characteristic.UUID,characteristic.value);
        
    }
    
    //搜索到Characteristic的Descriptors
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
        
        //打印出Characteristic和他的Descriptors
        NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@",characteristic.UUID);
        for (CBDescriptor *d in characteristic.descriptors) {
            NSLog(@"Descriptor uuid:%@",d.UUID);
        }
        
    }
    //获取到Descriptors的值
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(NSError *)error{
        //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
        //这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串,所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
        NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@  value:%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",descriptor.UUID],descriptor.value);
    }
    

    5.把数据写到Characteristic中

    //写数据
    -(void)writeCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
                         value:(NSData *)value{    
        //打印出 characteristic 的权限,可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS,就是可以同时用于好几个值,常见的有read,write,notify,indicate,知知道这几个基本就够用了,前连个是读写权限,后两个都是通知,两种不同的通知方式。
        /*
         typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
         CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast                                              = 0x01,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyRead                                                   = 0x02,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse                                   = 0x04,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite                                                  = 0x08,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify                                                 = 0x10,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate                                               = 0x20,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites                              = 0x40,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties                                     = 0x80,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)        = 0x100,
         CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)  = 0x200
         };
         */
        NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)characteristic.properties);   
        //只有 characteristic.properties 有write的权限才可以写
        if(characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite){
            /*
             最好一个type参数可以为CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse或type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse,区别是是否会有反馈
             */
            [peripheral writeValue:value forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
        }else{
            NSLog(@"该字段不可写!");
        }    
    }
    

    6.订阅Characteristic的通知

    //设置通知
    -(void)notifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                 characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
        //设置通知,数据通知会进入:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic方法
        [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
        
    }
    
    //取消通知
    -(void)cancelNotifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                       characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
        
        [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
    }
    

    7.断开连接(disconnect)

    //停止扫描并断开连接
    -(void)disconnectPeripheral:(CBCentralManager *)centralManager
                     peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
        //停止扫描
        [centralManager stopScan];
        //断开连接
        [centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
    }
    

    8 模拟器蓝牙调试,慎用,最好还是用真机去调试

    由于在iPhone 4s之后的iOS才支持BLE,新一代的这些iOS设备又都不便宜,在做测试的时候,用iOS模拟器进行调试,可以节约一些开发成本。怎么在iOS模拟器上调试BLE,
    苹果最初给出的说明是,支持BLE的mac机子上可以用模拟器进行调试,并给出了一份技术文档(传送门),恶心的是,后来苹果抽风,又把这份文档移除,
    并且把iOS 7.0的模拟器上对BLE的支持也移除掉了(难道是想让大家多买设备测试?Apple sucks.)后面,网上搜了一下,解决办法如下:
    1. 买一个CSR蓝牙4.0 USB适配器(某宝上大概30块钱),在机子上插入该物(你懂的)
    2. 在Terminal下敲入sudo nvram bluetoothHostControllerSwitchBehavior="never" , 重启Mac。
    3. 用XCode 4.6调试代码,在iOS 6.1的模拟器上跑程序(用XCode 5.0跑iOS 7.0模拟器会抛异常,原因上面详诉过了,Apple sucks,你懂的)

    如何降低模拟器的IOS版本呢?
    XCode->Preferences->Downloads里面有很多simulators你可以下载
    选择个6.1的下载好了

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