基本概念
首先通过官网的一个图片了解一下Asynchronous I/O Operation
Flink source收到一条数据就会进行处理,如果需要通过这条数据关联外部数据源,例如mysql,在发出查询请求后,同步IO的方式是会等待查询结果再处理下一条数据的查询,也就是每一条数据都要等待上一个查询结束。而异步IO是指数据来了以后发出查询请求,先不等查询结果,直接继续发送下一条的查询请求,对于查询结果是异步返回的,返回结果之后再进入下一个算子的计算。这两种方式性能差距请看下的样例。
样例
代码传送门
生成6条数据,从0开始递增的6个数字。模拟异步查询之后,加上时间戳输出
public class AsyncIODemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
final int maxCount = 6;
final int taskNum = 1;
final long timeout = 40000;
DataStream<Integer> inputStream = env.addSource(new SimpleSource(maxCount));
AsyncFunction<Integer, String> function = new SampleAsyncFunction();
DataStream<String> result = AsyncDataStream.unorderedWait(
inputStream,
function,
timeout,
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
10).setParallelism(taskNum);
result.map(new MapFunction<String, String>() {
@Override
public String map(String value) throws Exception {
return value + "," + System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}).print();
env.execute("Async IO Demo");
}
private static class SimpleSource implements SourceFunction<Integer> {
private volatile boolean isRunning = true;
private int counter = 0;
private int start = 0;
public SimpleSource(int maxNum) {
this.counter = maxNum;
}
@Override
public void run(SourceContext<Integer> ctx) throws Exception {
while ((start < counter || counter == -1) && isRunning) {
synchronized (ctx.getCheckpointLock()) {
System.out.println("send data:" + start);
ctx.collect(start);
++start;
}
Thread.sleep(10L);
}
}
@Override
public void cancel() {
isRunning = false;
}
}
}
异步方法
public class SampleAsyncFunction extends RichAsyncFunction<Integer, String> {
private long[] sleep = {100L, 1000L, 5000L, 2000L, 6000L, 100L};
@Override
public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
super.open(parameters);
}
@Override
public void close() throws Exception {
super.close();
}
@Override
public void asyncInvoke(final Integer input, final ResultFuture<String> resultFuture) {
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + "-input:" + input + " will sleep " + sleep[input] + " ms");
query(input, resultFuture);
}
private void query(final Integer input, final ResultFuture<String> resultFuture) {
try {
Thread.sleep(sleep[input]);
resultFuture.complete(Collections.singletonList(String.valueOf(input)));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
resultFuture.complete(new ArrayList<>(0));
}
}
private void asyncQuery(final Integer input, final ResultFuture<String> resultFuture) {
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
try {
Thread.sleep(sleep[input]);
return input;
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
}).thenAccept((Integer dbResult) -> {
resultFuture.complete(Collections.singleton(String.valueOf(dbResult)));
});
}
}
上面的代码中有两个方法query()
和asyncQuery()
,其中Thread.sleep(sleep[input]);
用来模拟查询需要等待的时间,每条数据等待的时间分别为100L, 1000L, 5000L, 2000L, 6000L, 100L
毫秒。
结果分析
运行query()
的结果为
send data:0
send data:1
send data:2
send data:3
send data:4
send data:5
1577801193230-input:0 will sleep 100 ms
1577801193331-input:1 will sleep 1000 ms
0,1577801194336
1,1577801194336
1577801194336-input:2 will sleep 5000 ms
1577801199339-input:3 will sleep 2000 ms
2,1577801201341
1577801201342-input:4 will sleep 6000 ms
3,1577801207345
4,1577801207345
1577801207346-input:5 will sleep 100 ms
5,1577801207451
可以看到第一条数据进入到map
算子的时间与最后一条相差了13115毫秒,执行的顺序与source中数据的顺序一致,并且是串行的。
运行asyncQuery()
的结果为
send data:0
send data:1
send data:2
send data:3
1577802161755-input:0 will sleep 100 ms
1577802161756-input:1 will sleep 1000 ms
1577802161757-input:2 will sleep 5000 ms
send data:4
send data:5
1577802161783-input:3 will sleep 2000 ms
1577802161784-input:4 will sleep 6000 ms
1577802161785-input:5 will sleep 100 ms
0,1577802161859
1,1577802162759
3,1577802163862
5,1577802163962
2,1577802166760
4,1577802168762
同样第一条数据进入map算子的时间与最后一条仅相差了6903毫秒,而且输出结果的顺序并不是source中的顺序,而是按照查询时间递增的顺序输出,并且查询请求几乎是同一时间发出的。
通过上面的例子可以看出,flink所谓的异步IO,并不是只要实现了asyncInvoke
方法就是异步了,这个方法并不是异步的,而是要依靠这个方法里面所写的查询是异步的才可以。否则像是上面query()
方法那样,同样会阻塞查询相当于同步IO。在实现flink异步IO的时候一定要注意。官方文档也给出了相关的说明。
For example, the following patterns result in a blocking asyncInvoke(...) functions and thus void the asynchronous behavior:Using a database client whose lookup/query method call blocks until the result has been received back
总结
本文基于flink 1.9.0。通过样例介绍了如何实现flink异步IO,读者可以修改本文样例体验异步IO其他的特性,例如Order of Results或者Event Time。
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