> https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_32998977/article/details/79437014
https://www.jianshu.com/p/7470295689d8
### 1、准备
创建用户（http://examplecode.cn/2018/09/03/centos-create-user/）
### 2、安装jdk
下载
```
wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u75-b13/jdk-7u75-linux-x64.rpm?AuthParam=1423536068_606ebcad3a2baff3dd5a4d7ec00a4e4e
rpm -ivh *.rpm
```
设置环境变量
```
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_40
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin
export PATH CLASSPATH JAVA_HOME
```
### 3、安装tomcat
下载链接：[http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi](http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi)
在 /usr/local下创建一个tomcat8文件夹
```
sudo mkdir tomcat8
```
将之前下载的包放到该目录下解包
```
tar -xvf apache-tomcat-8.5.42.tar
// 然后 删除安装包
rm apache-tomcat-8.5.42.tar
```
修改环境变量
在 /etc/profile 末尾添加如下配置
```
CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat8/apache-tomcat-8.5.42 PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin
#export 使上述配置⽣效
export CATALINA_BASE PATH
```
```
sudo vi /etc/profile
```
重新加载环境变量
```
source /etc/profile
```
防火墙相关命令
查看防火墙命令：firewall-cmd --state或者systemctl status firewallld
开启防火墙：systemctl start firewalld
关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld
重启防火墙：firewall-cmd --reload
配置防火墙，开放8080端口
```
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
```
[参考1](https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42570879/article/details/82862585)
[参考2](https://blog.csdn.net/feiyanaffection/article/details/82862001)
`如果是阿里的服务器，阿里云默认是不开放8080端口，需要在网络安全中添加`
https://www.cnblogs.com/leo1014/p/9971902.html
### 4、安装Oracle
1.下载oracle 11gR2 共两个文件
```
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
```
2、安装centos 必备包
```
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh
```
3、用户、系统、目录配置
1）增加用户组、用户
```
groupadd -g 200 oinstall #添加oinstall组，组的id为200
groupadd -g 201 dba #添加dba组，组的id为201
useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle #添加用户oracle
passwd oracle #输入oracle用户的密码
校验 是否创建成功
id oracle #查看用户id和所属组
```
4、创建安装目录和权限
```
mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录
mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
cd /data
ll #创建完毕检查一下
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
```
5、修改内核参数
```
vi /etc/sysctl.conf 增加如下内容：
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
#设置最大打开文件数
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmall = 2097152
#最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
#整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
#可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
```
```
sysctl -p #文件生效
```
```
vi /etc/security/limits.conf 增加如下内容：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
```
6、配置oracle用户的环境变量
```
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
#oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
#添加系统环境变量
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
```
7、解压两个安装文件到对应的文件夹下
```
/data/database
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
```
8、修改安装配置信息
```
vim /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp
```
```
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
## ##
####################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# 3. UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=liumingpp
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.
#
# en : English ja : Japanese
# fr : French ko : Korean
# ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish
# bn : Bengali lv : Latvian
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian
# bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay
# fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish
# ca : Catalan no : Norwegian
# hr : Croatian pl : Polish
# cs : Czech pt : Portuguese
# da : Danish ro : Romanian
# nl : Dutch ru : Russian
# ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese
# en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak
# et : Estonian sl : Slovenian
# fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish
# de : German sv : Swedish
# el : Greek th : Thai
# iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese
# hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish
# is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian
# in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese
# it : Italian
#
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# EE : Enterprise Edition
# SE : Standard Edition
# SEONE : Standard Edition One
# PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
#
# true : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
# are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true.
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
#
# The following choices are available. You may specify any
# combination of these choices. The components you choose should
# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
# Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#
# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
# oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault
# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing
# oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=sidOracle11GR2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
# database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.
# These settings may also be disabled.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
###############################################################################
# #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #
# starter database: #
# SYS #
# SYSTEM #
# SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=******
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. GRID_CONTROL
# 2. DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage
# the database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical
# alerts when using DB control.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
###############################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS #
# ------------------------------------ #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #
# using the entries below. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system
# user that is specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
# above operating system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection.
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
#
# Example : PROXY_PORT=25
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_USER=username
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_PWD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=
```
9、建立swap分区
```
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=2097152 #bs为单位，count为设置的大小2048*1024
mkswap /home/swap #格式化交换文件
swapon /home/swap #立即启用交换分区文件, 要停止使用新创建的swap文件,只要执行 swapoff/home/swap命令即可.
```
```
查看分区情况 free -m
```
`vim /etc/fstab 添加一行`
`/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0`
`否则重启后 swap分区会失效`
10、进行安装
```
su - oracle #切换为oracle执行以下安装操作
cd /data/database/database
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp
```
10.1、报错
`[oracle@CuteMonkey database]$ [SEVERE] - Email Address Not Specified`
[metalink](https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/MosIndex.jspx?_afrLoop=359723547792692&_afrWindowMode=0&_adf.ctrl-state=pbz9bmzer_4)
11、使用root用户运行
```
su - root
/data/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
```
12、配置tnsnames.ora
```
vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
#新增如下内容：
alioracle =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名称hostname)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
```
13、建库（oracle用户）
```
cd /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
./dbca -silent -responseFile /data/database/database/response/dbca.rsp
#需要输入oracle用的 用户名和密码
```
验证是否成功
```
cd /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
./sqlplus "/as sysdba"
select * from tabs;
会有非常多数据输出来
```
14、配置listener.ora
```
vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
#新增如下内容：
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=39.100.46.240)(PORT=1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
(SID_NAME=orcl11g)
(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
(PRESPAWN_LIST=
(PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
)
)
)
```
15、创建用户
```
lsnrctl start
(如何提示没有此命令,可以在.bashprofile里增加export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin)
创建oracle用户
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
create user test identified by test123(这个是口令);
//赋予test登录和创建表等资源权限
grant resource,conn to test;
//赋予test用户dba权限,此权限涵盖较多,一般上面足够
grant dba to test;
revoke 取消权限
```
`Oracle中文乱码的问题¿¿`
[参考链接](https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-04/34359.htm)
```
1、ssh登录，切换到oracle用户
切换用户命令：su -oracle
之后用sqlplus登录oracle，命令：
:sqlplus /nolog
:connect /as sysdba
这样就登录了。
2、更改字符集
首先 sqlplus登录后，关闭oracle数据库
1.shutdown immediate ;
2.startup mount ;
3.alter system enable restricted session ;
4.alter system set JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
5.alter system set AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
6.alter database open ;
7. alter database character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
8.shutdown immediate ;
9.startup ;
```
### 配置redis
root 用户创建redis文件夹
```
cd /redis
```
1、下载redis
```
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.2.tar.gz
```
解压
```
tar -xzvf redis-4.0.2.tar.gz
```
2、安装
```
cd redis-4.0.2
```
执行make命令编译：
```
make
```
make命令成功后，执行安装命令
```
make install
```
安装完成
3、配置Redis
centos下配置随机启动需要在目录/etc/init.d中添加启动脚本，启动脚本的模板在redis源代码目录的utils文件夹中：redis_init_script，拷贝到/etc/init.d下并命名为：redis_6379
```
cp redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redis_6379
```
创建目录/etc/redis。 配置文件的模板还在在redis源码中找：redis-4.0.2/redis.conf，将这个配置文件复制到/etc/redis目录 ，并重命名为6379.conf。
```
cp redis.conf /etc/redis/6379.conf
```
修改6379.conf。
```
# 注释掉它，以便让外网访问
# bind 127.0.0.1
# 关闭保护模式
protected-mode no
# Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
# 启用守护进程后，Redis会把pid写到一个pidfile中，在/var/run/redis.pid
daemonize yes
# 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
# 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379
# 如果指定0端口，表示Redis不监听TCP连接
port 6379
# 工作目录.
# 指定本地数据库存放目录，文件名由上一个dbfilename配置项指定
#
# Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.
#
# 注意，这里只能指定一个目录，不能指定文件名
dir /var/redis/6379
```
最后一行 /var/redis/6379 这个目录还没有，需要我们创建，用于存放redis的持久化文件。
然后执行命令：
```
#设置开机执行redis脚本
chkconfig redis_6379 on
```
错误：`service redis_6379 does not support chkconfig`
在redis_6379开头加两行注释：
```
# chkconfig: 2345 90 10
# description: Redis is a persistent key-value database
```
通过上面的操作后，我们就可以通过 如下命令启动，停止redis了
```
service redis_6379 start
service redis_6379 stop
```
[参考链接](https://www.cnblogs.com/hankuikui/p/9111210.html)
### 配置nginx
1、首先安装PCRE pcre功能是让nginx有rewrite功能
```
cd /usr/local/pcre
下载PCRE：wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
解压安装包：tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
进入安装包目录：cd pcre-8.35
编译：./configure
安装：make && make install
查看安装版本：pcre-config –version 如果出现版本号，说明安装成功
检查系统里是否安装了pcre软件
rpm -qa pcre 如果没有显示说明没有安装 反之安装过
rpm -e –nodeps pcre 删除pcre
```
安装zlib库
```
cd /usr/local/
$ wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.36.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.36.tar.gz
$ cd pcre-8.36
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
```
3、安装nginx
```
cd /nginx
下载nginx：wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
解压安装包： tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
进入安装包目录：cd nginx-1.6.2
配置：./configure
编译安装：make && make install
```
4.nginx 配置
进入 nginx/conf 目录下，配置 nginx.conf 文件
```
vi nginx.conf
```
5.nginx 常用命令
进入到 sbin 目录下:
```
./nginx 启动
./nginx -s stop 相当于 pkill -9 nginx =====》 强制杀死 nginx 进程
./nginx -t 测试 nginx 是否配置正确
./nginx -s quit 待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止
./nginx -s reload 重启
```
[参考链接](https://blog.csdn.net/lost_in_jungle_/article/details/81947888)
### 其他
Permission denied权限
如果出现Permission denied要么使用sudo权限去执行
如果1不行就说明当前文件夹确实没有指定的权限
```
文件夹
chmod -R 777 【路径】
文件
chmod 777 【路径】
//首先声明这样做有风险，而且请注意这里的r是大写！RRR
```
删除文件
```
1、删除文件夹命令
rm -rf /var/log/httpd/access
将会删除/var/log/httpd/access目录以及其下所有文件、文件夹
2、删除文件命令
rm -f /var/log/httpd/access.log
```
网友评论