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MySQL简单介绍(java版)

MySQL简单介绍(java版)

作者: bfx1000 | 来源:发表于2018-10-30 22:02 被阅读0次

    MySQL不区分大小写,但开发人员习惯上SQL关键字大写,列名表名小写,这样易于查看和维护
    MySQL语句被处理时空格会被忽略,语句可以全部写在一行,也可以写成多行,建议写成多行,便于查看维护

    关键字SHOW

    //显示所有数据库
    SHOW DATABASES;
    
    //选择数据库
    USE db_name;
    
    //显示某个数据库中所有表
    SHOW TABLES;
    
    //显示所有的列
    SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl_name;
    
    //显示状态
    SHOW STATUS;
    

    关键字 SELECT

    //查询
    SELECT 列名1,列名2... FROM 表名;
    
    //返回不同的值
    SELECT DISTINCT 列名1,列名2... FROM 表名; 
    
    //查询并返回结果数量小于5
    SELECT col1 FROM tbl_products LIMIT 5;
    //用的是完全限定名(db_products是数据库),效果同上
    SELECT tbl_products.col1 
    FROM db_products.tbl_products 
    LIMIT 5;
    

    关键字 ORDER BY(order by位于sql语句最后,limit关键字之前)

    //按列 col1,col2 的字母顺序升序排序(先col1后col2)
    SELECT col1 
    FROM tbl_products 
    ORDER BY col1,col2;
    //产品价格降序排列,产品名升序排列
    SELECT  prod_id, prod_price, prod_name
    FROM  products
    ORDER BY  prod_price DESC, prod_name;
    //查询最大值等同于 SELECT MAX(分数) FROM db_scores;
    SELECT 分数 FROM db_scores 
    ORDER BY 分数 DESC 
    LIMIT 1 ;
    

    关键字 WHERE(ORDER BY位于WHERE之后)

    WHERE子句操作符



    <>与!=效果相同

    比较字符串加' ',

    SELECT price FROM tbl_products WHERE price<=3;
    SELECT name FROM tbl_products WHERE name ='土豆';
    

    关键字:WHERE ... BETWEEN...AND(确定检索范围)

    语法:WHERE 列名 BETWEEN 值1 AND 值2

    SELECT prod_name, prod_price
    FROM products
    WHERE prod_price BETWEEN 5 AND 10;
    

    关键字:WHERE ... IS NULL

    SELECT prod_name
    FROM products
    WHERE prod_price IS NULL;
    

    关键字:WHERE AND(AND优先级高于OR)

    给WHERE字句附加条件,表示同时匹配

    SELECT prod_id,prod_price,prod_name
    FROM products
    WHERE vend_id = 1003 AND prod_price <= 10;
    

    关键字 WHERE OR(AND优先级高于OR)

    给WHERE字句附加条件,表示匹配任意一条即可

    SELECT prod_name , prod_price
    FROM products
    WHERE vend_id=1002 OR vend_id=1003;
    
    //返回vend_id 为1002或1003,他们的价格都大于等于10
    SELECT prod_name,prod_price
    FROM products
    WHERE (vend_id =1002 OR vend_id=1003) AND prod_price>=10
    
    //返回vend_id 为1002的信息,和价格大于等于10且vend_id=1003 的信息
    SELECT prod_name,prod_price
    FROM products
    WHERE vend_id =1002 OR vend_id=1003 AND prod_price>=10
    

    关键字WHERE IN

    IN 指定条件范围

    SELECT prod_name, prod_price
    FROM products
    WHERE vend_id IN (1002,1003)
    ORDER BY prod_name;
    
    //意义同上语句
    SELECT prod_name, prod_price
    FROM products
    WHERE vend_id =1002 OR vend_id=1003
    ORDER BY prod_name;
    

    关键字 WHERE NOT

    WHERE...NOT IN(1,5,7,8)不在1,5,7,8四个数字中
    WHERE...NOT BETWEEN...AND不在...之间
    WHERE...NOT EXISTS
    否定NOT之后的任何条件

    SELECT prod_name,prod_price
    FROM products
    WHERE vend_id NOT IN(1002,1003,1004)
    ORDER BY prod_name;
    

    关键字 LIKE

    WHERE 列名 LIKE '%a%'
    %表示0,1,多个任意字符
    %不能匹配NULL

    //返回以jet开头的name和对应id
    SELECT prod_id, prod_name
    FROM products
    WHERE prod_name LIKE 'jet%';
    

    关键字 % _

    %匹配0,1或多个任意字符,但%不能匹配NULL
    _ 匹配任意单个字符,且字符不为空
    WHERE 列名 LIKE '%a_'

    关键字 WHERE ... REGEXP ....

    关键字 AS

    //给列起别名vend_title
    列 AS vend_title
    FROM vendors
    ORDER BY vend_name;
    

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