原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/nnuljl/article/details/38680107

1.前言
Ubuntu安装完毕之后，如果发生异常宕机，可能导致网卡的逻辑名出现异常，或者和之前的不一致。如果你的应用处理是依据逻辑名，那么有可能数据会传输到非预期的网卡接口上去，笔者今天要整理的是Ubuntu14.04的网卡逻辑名修改，笔者自己把这叫做”网卡固话“---网卡逻辑名固定化。
2.网卡信息查询
查看已启用的网卡

[python] view plain copy

root@ubuntu:~# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fa:16:3e:40:11:12
inet addr:172.18.0.9 Bcast:172.18.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fe40:1112/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1400 Metric:1
RX packets:1327966 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:22911 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:170759301 (170.7 MB) TX bytes:1282555 (1.2 MB)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:2725810 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2725810 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:295593236 (295.5 MB) TX bytes:295593236 (295.5 MB)

上述HWaddr后面为eth0接口的MAC地址
查看已有逻辑名

[python] view plain copy

root@ubuntu:~# ls /sys/class/net/
eth0 lo

查看指定网卡MAC地址

[python] view plain copy

root@ubuntu:~# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fa:16:3e:40:11:12
inet addr:172.18.0.9 Bcast:172.18.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fe40:1112/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1400 Metric:1
RX packets:1328066 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:23012 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:170767973 (170.7 MB) TX bytes:1293097 (1.2 MB)

[python] view plain copy

ifconfig <network-logicalname>

3.生成配置文件

[python] view plain copy

root@ubuntu:~# export INTERFACE="eth0"
root@ubuntu:~# export MATCHADDR="fa:16:3e:40:11:12"
root@ubuntu:~# /lib/udev/write_net_rules
root@ubuntu:~# ls /etc/udev/rules.d/
70-persistent-net.rules README

首先引入两个变量INTERFACE，MATCHADDR，然后执行write_net_rules,查看生成的文件70-persistent-net.rules
文件内容如下，删除KERNEL项，并修改NAME值。

[python] view plain copy

This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules

program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.

You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single

line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?", ATTR{address}=="fa:16:3e:40:11:12", KERNEL=="eth", NAME="eth0"

修改后如下

[python] view plain copy

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="fa:16:3e:40:11:12", NAME="new-logicalname"

4.禁用源网卡逻辑名规则文件

[python] view plain copy

root@ubuntu:/etc/udev/rules.d# cd /lib/udev/rules.d/
root@ubuntu:/lib/udev/rules.d# mv 75-persistent-net-generator.rules 75-persistent-net-generator.rules.disabled

5.修改网卡配置

原网卡配置

[python] view plain copy

root@ubuntu:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces

This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

The loopback network interface

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

The primary network interface

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

修改为如下

[python] view plain copy

The primary network interface

auto new-logicalname
iface new-logicalname inet dhcp

不需要重启网卡，直接重启系统
6.重启主机，查看新的网卡逻辑名

[python] view plain copy

root@ubuntu:~# ls /sys/class/net/
lo new-logicalname
root@ubuntu:~# ifconfig new-logicalname
new-logicalname Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fa:16:3e:40:11:12
inet addr:172.18.0.9 Bcast:172.18.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fe40:1112/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1400 Metric:1
RX packets:399 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:36646 (36.6 KB) TX bytes:55027 (55.0 KB)

这样以后所有的配置都可以使用新的网卡逻辑名。