多线程：线程同步方案各种锁

作者: 东方诗空 | 来源:发表于2022-04-09 15:41 被阅读0次

iOS中的线程同步方案

OSSpinLock
os_unfair_lock
pthread_mutex
dispatch_semaphore
dispatch_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
NSLock
NSRecursiveLock
NSCondition
NSConditionLock
@synchronized

自旋锁 OSSpinLock

OSSpinLock叫做”自旋锁”，等待锁的线程会处于忙等（busy-wait）状态，一直占用着CPU资源

目前已经不再安全，可能会出现优先级反转问题
如果等待锁的线程优先级较高，它会一直占用着CPU资源，优先级低的线程就无法释放锁
需要导入头文件#import <libkern/OSAtomic.h>

image.png

自旋锁 os_unfair_lock 安全的

os_unfair_lock用于取代不安全的OSSpinLock ，从iOS10开始才支持
从底层调用看，等待os_unfair_lock锁的线程会处于休眠状态，并非忙等
需要导入头文件#import <os/lock.h>

image.png

#import "OSUnfairLockDemo.h"
#import <os/lock.h>

@interface OSUnfairLockDemo()
// Low-level lock
// ll lock
// lll
// Low-level lock的特点等不到锁就休眠
@property (assign, nonatomic) os_unfair_lock moneyLock;
@property (assign, nonatomic) os_unfair_lock ticketLock;
@end

@implementation OSUnfairLockDemo

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.moneyLock = OS_UNFAIR_LOCK_INIT;
        self.ticketLock = OS_UNFAIR_LOCK_INIT;
    }
    return self;
}

// 死锁：永远拿不到锁
- (void)__saleTicket
{
    os_unfair_lock_lock(&_ticketLock);
    
    [super __saleTicket];
    
    os_unfair_lock_unlock(&_ticketLock);
}

- (void)__saveMoney
{
    os_unfair_lock_lock(&_moneyLock);
    
    [super __saveMoney];
    
    os_unfair_lock_unlock(&_moneyLock);
}

- (void)__drawMoney
{
    os_unfair_lock_lock(&_moneyLock);
    
    [super __drawMoney];
    
    os_unfair_lock_unlock(&_moneyLock);
}

@end

pthread_mutex

互斥锁pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT);
递归锁pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);

mutex叫做”互斥锁”，等待锁的线程会处于休眠状态
需要导入头文件#import <pthread.h>

互斥锁

image.png

递归锁

递归锁：允许同一个线程对一把锁进行重复加锁

image.png

#import "MutexDemo.h"
#import <pthread.h>

@interface MutexDemo()
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_mutex_t ticketMutex;
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_mutex_t moneyMutex;
@end

@implementation MutexDemo

- (void)__initMutex:(pthread_mutex_t *)mutex
{
    // 静态初始化
    //        pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
    
//    // 初始化属性
//    pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
//    pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
//    pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT);
//    // 初始化锁
//    pthread_mutex_init(mutex, &attr);
//    // 销毁属性
//    pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
    
    // 初始化属性
//    pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
//    pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
//    pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT);
    // 初始化锁
    pthread_mutex_init(mutex, NULL);
    // 销毁属性
//    pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
}

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        [self __initMutex:&_ticketMutex];
        [self __initMutex:&_moneyMutex];
    }
    return self;
}

// 死锁：永远拿不到锁
- (void)__saleTicket
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&_ticketMutex);
    
    [super __saleTicket];
    
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_ticketMutex);
}

- (void)__saveMoney
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&_moneyMutex);
    
    [super __saveMoney];
    
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_moneyMutex);
}

- (void)__drawMoney
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&_moneyMutex);
    
    [super __drawMoney];
    
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_moneyMutex);
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&_moneyMutex);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&_ticketMutex);
}

@end

条件锁,线程依赖

@interface MutexDemo3()
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_mutex_t mutex;
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_cond_t cond;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *data;
@end

@implementation MutexDemo3

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        // 初始化属性
        pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
        pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
        pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
        // 初始化锁
        pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, &attr);
        // 销毁属性
        pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
        
        // 初始化条件
        pthread_cond_init(&_cond, NULL);
        
        self.data = [NSMutableArray array];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)otherTest
{
    [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__remove) object:nil] start];
    
    [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__add) object:nil] start];
}

// 生产者-消费者模式

// 线程1
// 删除数组中的元素
- (void)__remove
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
    NSLog(@"__remove - begin");
    
    if (self.data.count == 0) {
        // 等待
        pthread_cond_wait(&_cond, &_mutex);
    }
    
    [self.data removeLastObject];
    NSLog(@"删除了元素");
    
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
}

// 线程2
// 往数组中添加元素
- (void)__add
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
    
    sleep(1);
    
    [self.data addObject:@"Test"];
    NSLog(@"添加了元素");
    
    // 信号
    pthread_cond_signal(&_cond);
    // 广播
//    pthread_cond_broadcast(&_cond);
    
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&_cond);
}

@end

dispatch_semaphore 信号量

信号量

控制最大并发数量

semaphore叫做”信号量”
信号量的初始值，可以用来控制线程并发访问的最大数量
信号量的初始值为1，代表同时只允许1条线程访问资源，保证线程同步

image.png


@interface SemaphoreDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore;
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_semaphore_t ticketSemaphore;
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_semaphore_t moneySemaphore;
@end

@implementation SemaphoreDemo

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(5);
        self.ticketSemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
        self.moneySemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)__drawMoney
{
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.moneySemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    
    [super __drawMoney];
    
    dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.moneySemaphore);
}

- (void)__saveMoney
{
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.moneySemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    
    [super __saveMoney];
    
    dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.moneySemaphore);
}

- (void)__saleTicket
{
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.ticketSemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    
    [super __saleTicket];
    
    dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.ticketSemaphore);
}

- (void)otherTest
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil] start];
    }
}

// 线程10、7、6、9、8
- (void)test
{
    // 如果信号量的值 > 0，就让信号量的值减1，然后继续往下执行代码
    // 如果信号量的值 <= 0，就会休眠等待，直到信号量的值变成>0，就让信号量的值减1，然后继续往下执行代码
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    
    sleep(2);
    NSLog(@"test - %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    
    // 让信号量的值+1
    dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.semaphore);
}

@end

dispatch_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL) 串行队列

线程同步，让线程有顺序的执行，所以串行队列也可以实现线程同步

image.png

@interface SerialQueueDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_queue_t ticketQueue;
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_queue_t moneyQueue;
@end

@implementation SerialQueueDemo

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.ticketQueue = dispatch_queue_create("ticketQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
        self.moneyQueue = dispatch_queue_create("moneyQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)__drawMoney
{
    dispatch_sync(self.moneyQueue, ^{
        [super __drawMoney];
    });
}

- (void)__saveMoney
{
    dispatch_sync(self.moneyQueue, ^{
        [super __saveMoney];
    });
}

- (void)__saleTicket
{
    dispatch_sync(self.ticketQueue, ^{
        [super __saleTicket];
    });
}

@end

NSLock

NSLock是对mutex普通锁的封装

#import "NSLockDemo.h"

@interface NSLockDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSLock *ticketLock;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSLock *moneyLock;
@end

@implementation NSLockDemo


- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.ticketLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
        self.moneyLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
    }
    return self;
}

// 死锁：永远拿不到锁
- (void)__saleTicket
{
    [self.ticketLock lock];
    
    [super __saleTicket];
    
    [self.ticketLock unlock];
}

- (void)__saveMoney
{
    [self.moneyLock lock];
    
    [super __saveMoney];
    
    [self.moneyLock unlock];
}

- (void)__drawMoney
{
    [self.moneyLock lock];
    
    [super __drawMoney];
    
    [self.moneyLock unlock];
}

@end

NSRecursiveLock 对mutex递归锁的封装

NSRecursiveLock也是对mutex递归锁的封装，API跟NSLock基本一致

NSCondition 对条件锁的封装

NSCondition是对mutex和cond的封装

#import "NSConditionDemo.h"

@interface NSConditionDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSCondition *condition;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *data;
@end

@implementation NSConditionDemo

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.condition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];
        self.data = [NSMutableArray array];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)otherTest
{
    [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__remove) object:nil] start];
    
    [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__add) object:nil] start];
}


// 线程1
// 删除数组中的元素
- (void)__remove
{
    [self.condition lock];
    NSLog(@"__remove - begin");
    
    if (self.data.count == 0) {
        // 等待
        [self.condition wait];
    }
    
    [self.data removeLastObject];
    NSLog(@"删除了元素");
    
    [self.condition unlock];
}

// 线程2
// 往数组中添加元素
- (void)__add
{
    [self.condition lock];
    
    sleep(1);
    
    [self.data addObject:@"Test"];
    NSLog(@"添加了元素");
    // 信号
    [self.condition signal];
    
    // 广播
//    [self.condition broadcast];
    [self.condition unlock];
    
}
@end

NSConditionLock 条件锁加锁
NSConditionLock是对NSCondition的进一步封装，可以设置具体的条件值

条件锁加锁，对NSCondition的封装，可以设置线程依赖，多线程变成串行队列

#import "NSConditionLockDemo.h"

@interface NSConditionLockDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSConditionLock *conditionLock;
@end

@implementation NSConditionLockDemo

- (instancetype)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.conditionLock = [[NSConditionLock alloc] initWithCondition:1];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)otherTest
{
    [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__one) object:nil] start];
    
    [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__two) object:nil] start];
    
    [[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__three) object:nil] start];
}

- (void)__one
{
    [self.conditionLock lock];
    
    NSLog(@"__one");
    sleep(1);
    
    [self.conditionLock unlockWithCondition:2];
}

- (void)__two
{
    [self.conditionLock lockWhenCondition:2];
    
    NSLog(@"__two");
    sleep(1);
    
    [self.conditionLock unlockWithCondition:3];
}

- (void)__three
{
    [self.conditionLock lockWhenCondition:3];
    
    NSLog(@"__three");
    
    [self.conditionLock unlock];
}

@end

@synchronized 是对mutex递归锁的封装

@synchronized是对mutex递归锁的封装
源码查看：objc4中的objc-sync.mm文件
@synchronized(obj)内部会生成obj对应的递归锁，然后进行加锁、解锁操作

image.png

synchronized 底层代码

objc_sync_enter
objc_sync_exit

objc_sync_enter

// Begin synchronizing on 'obj'. 
// Allocates recursive mutex associated with 'obj' if needed.
// Returns OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS once lock is acquired.  
int objc_sync_enter(id obj)
{
    int result = OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS;

    if (obj) {
        SyncData* data = id2data(obj, ACQUIRE);
        assert(data);
        data->mutex.lock();
    } else {
        // @synchronized(nil) does nothing
        if (DebugNilSync) {
            _objc_inform("NIL SYNC DEBUG: @synchronized(nil); set a breakpoint on objc_sync_nil to debug");
        }
        objc_sync_nil();
    }

    return result;
}

objc_sync_exit

// End synchronizing on 'obj'. 
// Returns OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS or OBJC_SYNC_NOT_OWNING_THREAD_ERROR
int objc_sync_exit(id obj)
{
    int result = OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS;
    
    if (obj) {
        SyncData* data = id2data(obj, RELEASE); 
        if (!data) {
            result = OBJC_SYNC_NOT_OWNING_THREAD_ERROR;
        } else {
            bool okay = data->mutex.tryUnlock();
            if (!okay) {
                result = OBJC_SYNC_NOT_OWNING_THREAD_ERROR;
            }
        }
    } else {
        // @synchronized(nil) does nothing
    }
    

    return result;
}

iOS线程同步方案性能比较

性能又1->10 递减，
os_unfair_lock性能最好，@synchronized性能最差

1、os_unfair_lock
2、OSSpinLock
3、dispatch_semaphore
4、pthread_mutex
5、dispatch_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
6、NSLock
7、NSCondition
8、pthread_mutex(recursive)
9、NSRecursiveLock
10、NSConditionLock
11、@synchronized
```

多线程：线程同步方案各种锁

iOS中的线程同步方案

自旋锁 OSSpinLock

自旋锁 os_unfair_lock 安全的

pthread_mutex

互斥锁

递归锁

条件锁,线程依赖

信号量

NSLock是对mutex普通锁的封装

NSRecursiveLock也是对mutex递归锁的封装，API跟NSLock基本一致

NSCondition是对mutex和cond的封装

synchronized 底层代码

objc_sync_enter

objc_sync_exit

iOS线程同步方案性能比较

相关文章

网友评论

延伸阅读

深度阅读

栏目导航

热点阅读

多线程：线程同步方案 各种锁

iOS中的线程同步方案

自旋锁 OSSpinLock

自旋锁 os_unfair_lock 安全的

pthread_mutex

互斥锁

递归锁

条件锁,线程依赖

信号量

NSLock是对mutex普通锁的封装

NSRecursiveLock也是对mutex递归锁的封装，API跟NSLock基本一致

NSCondition是对mutex和cond的封装

synchronized 底层代码

objc_sync_enter

objc_sync_exit

iOS线程同步方案性能比较

相关文章

网友评论

延伸阅读

深度阅读

栏目导航

热点阅读

多线程：线程同步方案各种锁