火眼仿真之Linux引导修复篇

很久以前写过一篇《火眼仿真之windows引导修复》，主要讲gho转为vmdk后因为引导损坏导致windows虚拟机无法启动的问题。让我万万没想到的是，居然在用户调证某Linux系统的云服务器时某运营商居然交付的也是一个gho文件。本篇文章讲述Linux引导损坏时的解决方案，适用但不限于linux系统gho转vmdk导致无法启动问题。

1. 准备工作(检查操作系统及重置用户密码)

   
   火眼仿真检测操作系统
   火眼仿真重置密码

2. 下载对应操作系统iso
   从上图可知，该Linux系统为CentOS7.6.1810，下载iso当修复光盘用。

   
   清华大学源

3. 虚拟机引导类型选择BIOS，加载系统ISO开机进livecd。

4. 使用gdisk切换gpt分区表为MBR，骚操作如下：

[root@localhost liveuser]# yum install -y gdisk
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gdisk.x86_64 0:0.8.10-2.el7 will be updated
---> Package gdisk.x86_64 0:0.8.10-3.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package         Arch             Version                  Repository      Size
================================================================================
Updating:
 gdisk           x86_64           0.8.10-3.el7             base           190 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade  1 Package

Total download size: 190 k
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for base
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/gdisk-0.8.10-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: 
Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for gdisk-0.8.10-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
gdisk-0.8.10-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                              | 190 kB   00:02     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
 Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
 Package    : centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@base/$releasever)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : gdisk-0.8.10-3.el7.x86_64                                    1/2 
  Cleanup    : gdisk-0.8.10-2.el7.x86_64                                    2/2 
  Verifying  : gdisk-0.8.10-3.el7.x86_64                                    1/2 
  Verifying  : gdisk-0.8.10-2.el7.x86_64                                    2/2 

Updated:
  gdisk.x86_64 0:0.8.10-3.el7                                                   

Complete!
[root@localhost liveuser]# gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

The protective MBR's 0xEE partition is oversized! Auto-repairing.

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): r

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): g

MBR command (? for help): w

Converted 2 partitions. Finalize and exit? (Y/N): Y
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.

5. 重装grub2 修复引导

[root@localhost liveuser]# mkdir root
[root@localhost liveuser]# mount /dev/sda1 root
[root@localhost liveuser]# mount --bind /dev root/dev
[root@localhost liveuser]# mount --bind /proc root/proc
[root@localhost liveuser]# mount --bind /sys root/sys
[root@localhost liveuser]# mount --bind /dev/pts root/dev/pts
[root@localhost liveuser]# mount --bind /dev/shm root/dev/shm
[root@localhost liveuser]# chroot root
[root@localhost /]# update-grub2
[root@localhost /]# grub2-install  /dev/sda
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.

6. 重启，去掉系统ISO，进系统