1、相机标定(camera resectioning or camera calibration)
Camera resectioning is the process of estimating the parameters of a pinhole camera model approximating the camera that produced a given photograph or video. Usually, the pinhole camera parameters are represented in a 3 × 4 matrix called the camera matrix.
2、四个坐标系之间的转换

右边前两项的乘积称作内参矩阵

而外参矩阵则由旋转矩阵R(3×3)和平移向量T(3×1)组成

右边可以表示为

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