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Preface：
最近看到.net core很火，忍不住体验了一把，发现微软一直在进步。现在的.net core2.0, 除了生态不是很完善（和java系没法比），从开发体验、语言等各个方面，已经足够优秀了。跨平台不说了，关键是开发工具，Visual Studio简直要甩IDEA好几条街啊有木有~~。
但是到了验证这个环节，微软给出了很多个验证方式，甚至还有二维码验证，.net程序员简直不要太幸福。但这些验证几乎全都是基于MVC的。但是现在这个时代有几个人做新项目还用MVC呢？不需要考虑将来的移动端扩展么？
验证这个环节基于Token的jwt才是王道，但官方教程并没有给出明确的示范，上网搜国内国外的基本都基于core1.0版本，步骤很繁琐。偶然之间发现一篇教程，基于2.0，发现步骤大大简化，简化的我都能看懂了，自己实践了一下记录下来：
1. 生成jwt token
在.net core 2.0中，生成jwt token的工作被大大简化了，只需要在控制器中声明一个方法即可,步骤：
1). 使用一个secret key（自定义）生成Credential。
2). 生成token
完整的Controller代码如下：
using System;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
namespace DotnetCore2_Jwt.Controllers
{
[Produces("application/json")]
[Route("api/Auth")]
public class AuthController : Controller
{
private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
public AuthController(IConfiguration configuration)
{
_configuration = configuration;
}
/// <summary>
/// login
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpPost]
public IActionResult RequestToken([FromBody] TokenRequest request)
{
if (request.Username == "AngelaDaddy" && request.Password == "123456")
{
// push the user’s name into a claim, so we can identify the user later on.
var claims = new[]
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, request.Username)
};
//sign the token using a secret key.This secret will be shared between your API and anything that needs to check that the token is legit.
var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_configuration["SecurityKey"]));
var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
//.NET Core’s JwtSecurityToken class takes on the heavy lifting and actually creates the token.
/**
* Claims (Payload)
Claims 部分包含了一些跟这个 token 有关的重要信息。 JWT 标准规定了一些字段，下面节选一些字段:
iss: The issuer of the token，token 是给谁的
sub: The subject of the token，token 主题
exp: Expiration Time。 token 过期时间，Unix 时间戳格式
iat: Issued At。 token 创建时间， Unix 时间戳格式
jti: JWT ID。针对当前 token 的唯一标识
除了规定的字段外，可以包含其他任何 JSON 兼容的字段。
* */
var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
issuer: "yourdomain.com",
audience: "yourdomain.com",
claims: claims,
expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
signingCredentials: creds);
return Ok(new
{
token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token)
});
}
return BadRequest("Could not verify username and password");
}
}
public class TokenRequest
{
public string Username { get; set; }
public string Password { get; set; }
}
}
在appsettings.json文件中设置SecurityKey："SecurityKey": "dd%88*377f6d&f£$$£$FdddFF33fssDG^!3",
使用Postman测试：Post: api/auth
{
"token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJodHRwOi8vc2NoZW1hcy54bWxzb2FwLm9yZy93cy8yMDA1LzA1L2lkZW50aXR5L2NsYWltcy9uYW1lIjoiQW5nZWxhRGFkZHkiLCJleHAiOjE1MTU0NTgxNTAsImlzcyI6InlvdXJkb21haW4uY29tIiwiYXVkIjoieW91cmRvbWFpbi5jb20ifQ.tFDugoIhYnXJgcucM6biqEyD_oJnwV8RPLCVn5aoa78"
}
2. 使用jwt验证
在Startup.js文件中，定义jwt验证服务：
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Text;
namespace DotnetCore2_Jwt
{
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
}
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//添加jwt验证：
services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options=> {
options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
ValidateIssuer = true,//是否验证Issuer
ValidateAudience = true,//是否验证Audience
ValidateLifetime = true,//是否验证失效时间
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,//是否验证SecurityKey
ValidAudience = "yourdomain.com",//Audience
ValidIssuer = "yourdomain.com",//Issuer，这两项和前面签发jwt的设置一致
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["SecurityKey"]))//拿到SecurityKey
};
});
services.AddMvc();
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
app.UseAuthentication();//注意添加这一句，启用验证
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseMvc();
}
}
}
ALL DONE.就这么简单
3. 测试
定义一个TestController
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class TestController : Controller
{
// GET api/values
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]//添加Authorize标签，可以加在方法上，也可以加在类上
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
// GET api/values/5
[HttpGet("{id}")]
public string Get(int id)
{
return "value";
}
}
启动测试：
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GET http://localhost:50276/api/test/1 →
value
POST http://localhost:50276/auth,
POST body:{"username":"AngelaDaddy","password":"123456"}
{
"token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJodHRwOi8vc2NoZW1hcy54bWxzb2FwLm9yZy93cy8yMDA1LzA1L2lkZW50aXR5L2NsYWltcy9uYW1lIjoiQW5nZWxhRGFkZHkiLCJleHAiOjE1MTU0NjE5MTMsImlzcyI6InlvdXJkb21haW4uY29tIiwiYXVkIjoieW91cmRvbWFpbi5jb20ifQ.FtkfsA4tmZ4aILnsgU-So8fgYxPIwcWRAtdsFUEITnA"
}
GET GET http://localhost:50276/api/test,在header中添加Auth
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