最新的镜像安装已经整理到CSDN上，传送门：树莓派 4B 安装 Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS （or）Ubuntu 19.10

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硬件：Raspberry Pi 4B
系统：Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine) for IOT
官网：https://ubuntu.com/download/iot/raspberry-pi
下载通道：

Ubuntu Server 19.10 for Raspberry Pi 4 64-bit：ubuntu-19.10.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi3.img.xz

Ubuntu Server 19.10 for Raspberry Pi 4 32-bit：ubuntu-19.10.1-preinstalled-server-armhf+raspi3.img.xz

配置步骤

1. 下载系统镜像
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/19.10/release/ubuntu-19.10-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi3.img.xz

2. 烧录至SD卡进行系统安装

3. 系统登陆
默认账号：ubuntu 默认密码：ubuntu

4. 更换镜像源

4.1 备份 apt 源文件

sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

如果出错的时候，需要恢复源文件的话。操作如下：

rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list

4.2 编辑 apt 源文件，更新为国内镜像源（注意：路径节点不是 ubuntu，而是 ubuntu-ports）

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

阿里云源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

清华源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

5. 安装桌面环境（可选择：xubuntu-desktop、lubuntu-desktop、kubuntu-desktop）

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

6. 重启系统

reboot

7. 安装 Docker

sudo apt install docker.io

8.、安装桌面环境（可选择：gnome xubuntu-desktop、lubuntu-desktop、kubuntu-desktop）
安装最新的gnome3.34c
因为网络原因，如果提示有安装出错，请再安装一次：

sudo apt-get install gnome --fix-missing

我们也可以安装更简单的图形界面 xubuntu-desktop

sudo apt-getinstall xinint
sudo apt-getxubuntu-desktop

参考资料
https://www.cnblogs.com/jinzesudawei/p/11701669.html