Ribbon 负载均衡

core：Java功能增强 —— 拦截器

通过@LoadBalanced修饰就可以为应用引入Ribbon框架来实现负载均衡。

 @Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

/**
 * 使用@LoadBalanced开启负载均衡
 * RestTemplate 通过它来访问服务
 * */
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
}
}

使用时这样(jServer1就是注册在eureka的服务名)：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/")
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello() {
    String result = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://jServer1/hello",String.class).getBody();
    System.out.println(result);
    return result;
}
}

所以Ribbon的核心在于@LoadBalanced，那它引入了哪些东西呢？进入看一下：

image.png

立刻明白了什么，是老朋友拦截器啊，所以是拦截了请求，然后根据负载均衡策略找到合适的服务实例，再发请求出去么。

intercept方法如下：

public ClientHttpResponse intercept(final HttpRequest request, final byte[] body, final ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException {
    URI originalUri = request.getURI();
    String serviceName = originalUri.getHost();
    return (ClientHttpResponse)this.loadBalancer.execute(serviceName, new LoadBalancerRequest<ClientHttpResponse>() {
        public ClientHttpResponse apply(ServiceInstance instance) throws Exception {
            HttpRequest serviceRequest = LoadBalancerInterceptor.this.new ServiceRequestWrapper(request, instance);
            return execution.execute(serviceRequest, body);
        }
    });
}

进到execute方法：

public <T> T execute(String serviceId, LoadBalancerRequest<T> request) throws IOException {
    ILoadBalancer loadBalancer = this.getLoadBalancer(serviceId);

    //就是这里了！！
    Server server = this.getServer(loadBalancer);

    if (server == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("No instances available for " + serviceId);
    } else {
        RibbonLoadBalancerClient.RibbonServer ribbonServer = new RibbonLoadBalancerClient.RibbonServer(serviceId, server, this.isSecure(server, serviceId), this.serverIntrospector(serviceId).getMetadata(server));
        RibbonLoadBalancerContext context = this.clientFactory.getLoadBalancerContext(serviceId);
        RibbonStatsRecorder statsRecorder = new RibbonStatsRecorder(context, server);

        try {
            T returnVal = request.apply(ribbonServer);
            statsRecorder.recordStats(returnVal);
            return returnVal;
        } catch (IOException var9) {
            statsRecorder.recordStats(var9);
            throw var9;
        } catch (Exception var10) {
            statsRecorder.recordStats(var10);
            ReflectionUtils.rethrowRuntimeException(var10);
            return null;
        }
    }
}

 protected Server getServer(ILoadBalancer loadBalancer) {
    return loadBalancer == null ? null : loadBalancer.chooseServer("default");
}

以最基本的BaseLoadBalancer为例(还有其他Balancer实现)：

public Server chooseServer(Object key) {
    if (this.counter == null) {
        this.counter = this.createCounter();
    }

    this.counter.increment();
    if (this.rule == null) {
        return null;
    } else {
        try {
            //这里的rule = DEFAULT_RULE = new RoundRobinRule();
            return this.rule.choose(key);
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

可以发现是根据IRule.choose(key)来选择服务器实例的，而IRule就是负载均衡策略接口，可以看出已经默认实现了很多种策略：

image.png