何为粘包拆包
tcp是个“流”协议，所谓流，就是没有界限的一串数据。tcp底层并不了解上层业务数据的含义，它会根据tcp缓冲区的视觉情况进行包的划分，所以在业务上认为，一个完整的包可能会被tcp拆分成多个包进行发送，也有可能把多个小包封装成一个大的数据包发送，这就是所谓的tcp粘包和拆包。
粘包问题的解决策略
- 消息定长，例如每个报文的大小为固定长度200个字节，如果不够，空位补空格。
- 在包尾增加回车换行符进行分割
- 将消息分为消息头和消息体，消息头中包含表示消息长度的字段，通常设计思路为消息头的第一个字段使用int32来表示消息的总长度。
- 更复杂的应用层协议
Netty 如何解决粘包和拆包
- 利用LineBaseFrameDecoder和StringDecoder解决tcp粘包和拆包引起的半包读写问题。
LineBaseFrameDecoder的工作原理是：
它依次遍历ByteBuf中的可读字节，判断是否有“\n”或者“\r\n”，如果有就以此位置结束。
StringDecoder的功能比较简单，就是将接收到的对象转化成字符串，然后继续调用后面的handler。
server端：
package com.netty.study;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
/**
* netty server
* @author yuxi
*/
public class NettyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
bind(8089);
}
/**
* bind port
* @param port
*/
private static void bind(int port) {
EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
try {
serverBootstrap.group(boss,worker)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,1024)
.childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
ChannelFuture future = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
}catch (Exception e){
}finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
private static class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) {
socketChannel.pipeline()
//解决tcp拆包粘包问题
.addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
socketChannel.pipeline() .addLast(new StringDecoder());
socketChannel.pipeline() .addLast(new TimeServerHandler());
}
}
}
package com.netty.study;
import java.util.Date;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
/**
* @author yuxi
*/
public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
private int counter;
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf)msg;
//byte[] req = new byte[byteBuf.readableBytes()];
//byteBuf.readBytes(req);
//String body = new String(req,"utf-8").substring(0,req.length-System.getProperty("line.separator").length());
String body = (String)msg;
System.out.println("server:this is body:"+body+";"+"this is counter is:"+ ++counter);
String currentTime = " ok, this is ok ".equals(body)?new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString():
"not ok";
ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
}
}
client端：
package com.netty.study;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
/**
* netty client
* @author yuxi
*/
public class NettyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
connect("127.0.0.1",8089);
}
/**
*
* @param host
* @param port
*/
private static void connect(String host, int port) {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY,true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline()
// 解决半包读写问题
.addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
socketChannel.pipeline() .addLast(new StringDecoder());
socketChannel.pipeline() .addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect(host, port);
channelFuture.sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
}catch (Exception e){
}finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
package com.netty.study;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
/**
* @author yuxi
*/
public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
private int counter;
private byte[] req;
public TimeClientHandler() {
req = (" ok, this is ok "+System.getProperty("line.separator")).getBytes();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf)msg;
//byte[] req = new byte[byteBuf.readableBytes()];
//byteBuf.readBytes(req);
//String body = new String(req,"utf-8");
String body = (String)msg;
System.out.println("client: now is:"+body+"this is counter:"+ ++counter);
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ByteBuf message = null;
for (int i = 0; i <100; i++) {
message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
message.writeBytes(req);
ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
}
}
}
-
利用DelimiterBaseFrameDecoder解决粘包和拆包
DelimiterBaseFrameDecoder可以使用分隔符作为码流结束标识的消息的解码 -
利用FixLengthFrameDecoder解决粘包和拆包
FixLengthFrameDecoder是固定长度解码器，它能够按照指定的长度对消息进行自动解码，开发者不需要考虑拆包和粘包问题，非常方便。 -
通过在消息头定义长度字段来标识消息的总长度。
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