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线程安全5 - Lock & Condition实现同步通信

线程安全5 - Lock & Condition实现同步通信

作者: 小超_8b2f | 来源:发表于2019-09-29 11:06 被阅读0次
    • Lock比传统线程模型中的synchronized方式更加面向对象,与生活中的锁类似,锁本身也应该是一个对象。两个线程执行的代码片段要实现同步互斥的效果,他们必须用同一个Lock对象。锁是上在代表要操作资源的类的内部方法中,而不是线程代码中!

    • 读写锁:分为读锁和写锁,多个读锁不互斥,读锁和写锁互斥,写锁与写锁互斥。这是JVM自己控制的,你只要上好相应的锁即可。如果你的代码只读数据,可以多人同时读,但不能同时写,那就上读锁;如果你的代码修改数据,只能一个人在写,且不能同时读取,那就上写锁。总之,读的时候上读锁,写的时候上写锁!

    • Condition的功能类似在传统线程技术中的Object.wait和Object.notify的功能。在等待Condition时,允许发生“虚假唤醒”,这通常作为基础平台语义的让步。对于大多数应用程序,这带来的实际影响很小,因为Condition应该总是在一个循环中被等待,并测试整备等待的状态声明。某个实现可以随意移除可能的虚假唤醒,但建议应用程序程序员总是假定这些虚假唤醒可能发生,因此总是在一个循环中等待。

    • 一个锁内部可以有多个Condition,即有多路等待和通知,可以看jdk1.5提供的Lock和Condition实现的可阻塞队列的应用案例,从中除了要体味算法,还要体味面向对象的封装。在传统的线程机制中一个监视器对象上只能有一路等待通知,要想实现多路等待通知,必须嵌套使用多个同步监视器对象。(如果只用一个Condition,两个放的都在等,一旦一个放的进去了,那么它通知可能会导致另一个放接着往下走)

    1. wait notify 实例:交替执行版本(✔️)

    public class MainSubThread {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            final Business business = new Business();
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //子线程循环调用50次某逻辑
                    for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                        business.sub(i);
                    }
                }
            }).start();
            
            //主线程循环调用50次某逻辑
            for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                business.main(i);
            }
        }
    }
    
    class Business {
        private boolean bShouldSub = true;
        public synchronized void sub(int i) {
            if(!bShouldSub) {  //while 更健壮,根据API,可以防止伪唤醒
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                System.out.println("sub Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
            
            bShouldSub = false;
            this.notify();
        }
        
        public synchronized void main(int i) {
            if(bShouldSub) {//while 更健壮,根据API,可以防止伪唤醒
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                System.out.println("main Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
            
            bShouldSub = true;
            this.notify();
        }
    }
    

    2. Lock代替synchronized,报错(❌)

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    public class MainSubThread {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
             final Business b = new Business();
             
             new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                        b.sub(i);
                }
            }).start();
             
             new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                        b.main(i);
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
    
    class Business {
        private boolean bShouldSub = true;
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        public void sub(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(!bShouldSub) {
                    try {
                        this.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("sub Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
                bShouldSub = false;
                this.notify();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        
        public void main(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(bShouldSub) {
                    try {
                        this.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("main Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
                bShouldSub = true;
                this.notify();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    
    报错原因分析:

    wait()和notify()必须在synchronized代码块里写。
    synchronized的是哪个对象,调用wait()和notify()的就必须是哪个对象。
    eg:在方法声明上写synchronized,调用this.wait() 和this.notify
    synchronized(obj) { obj.wait(); obj.notify();}

    3. 改正后不再报错,但是不能一替一执行。(去掉wait()、notify() )

    class Business {
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        public void sub(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("sub Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        
        public void main(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("main Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    

    4. 继续改进:Condition.await() Condition.signal()替代synchronized(对象)的wait、notify

    class Business {
        private boolean bShouldSub = true;
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
        public void sub(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(!bShouldSub) {
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("sub Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
                bShouldSub = false;
                condition.signal();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        
        public void main(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(bShouldSub) {
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("main Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
                bShouldSub = true;
                this.notify();
            } finally {
                condition.signal();
            }
        }
    }
    

    5. 既然都是实现同样的功能,有synchronized + wait + notify了,为什么还要有Lock + Condition.await() + Condition.signal() ?

    因为能实现wait()、notify()实现不了的功能:

    6. JAVA API :Condition 使用实例:阻塞队列

    class BoundedBuffer {
       final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
       final Condition notFull  = lock.newCondition();  
       final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); 
    //如果
    
       final Object[] items = new Object[100];
       int putptr, takeptr, count;
    
       public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException {
         lock.lock();
         try {
           while (count == items.length)
             notFull.await();
           items[putptr] = x;
           if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0;
           ++count;
           notEmpty.signal(); //只唤醒取数据的线程
         } finally {
           lock.unlock();
         }
       }
    
       public Object take() throws InterruptedException {
         lock.lock();
         try {
           while (count == 0)
             notEmpty.await();
           Object x = items[takeptr];
           if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0;
           --count;
           notFull.signal(); //只唤醒放数据的线程
           return x;
         } finally {
           lock.unlock();
         }
       }
     }
    

    \color{blue}{为什么用2个Condition?}

    因为线程分2种:放数据线程、取数据线程。
    若只有一个Condition来await和signal,那么当取数据时,若队列已空无数据可取时,notify将无差别地唤醒取数据线程和放数据线程中的某一个线程,
    可能唤醒的还是取数据线程,已经空了你还取个啥?
    同理,当线程已满时,若只有一个Condition,那么将无差别地唤醒所有取数据线程和放数据线程中的某一个线程,那么有可能唤醒的还是放数据线程。已经满了你还放个啥?

    总结:


    Lock + 【一个Condition + await + signal】 = synchronized + wait + notify = 只能单一通知,没得选
    Lock + 【多个Condition + await + signal】= 定制化通知,想通知哪个就通知哪个


    7. 多路Condition实例:线程逻辑按某特定顺序执行

    老大执行完老二执行,老二执行完老三执行,老三执行完老大执行,如此往复。

    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    public class ThreeStep {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            final StepConditionLogic b = new StepConditionLogic();
             
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                        b.step1(i);
                }
            }).start();
             
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                        b.step2(i);
                }
            }).start();
             
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                        b.step3(i);
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
    
    
    class StepConditionLogic {
        private int step = 1; //步骤
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
        Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
        Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
        
        
        
        public void step1(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(step != 1) //尚未走到step1
                    condition1.await();//阻塞step1逻辑被相应的线程执行
                
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("step1 Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
                step = 2; //step1逻辑执行完成,step进入2
                condition2.signal(); //step1执行完了,通知step2执行
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        
        public void step2(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(step != 2)//尚未走到step2
                    condition2.await(); //阻塞step2逻辑被相应的线程执行
                
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("step2 Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
                step = 3; //step2逻辑执行完成,step进入3
                condition3.signal(); //step2执行完了,通知step3执行
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        
        
        public void step3(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(step != 3) //尚未走到step3
                    condition3.await();//阻塞step3逻辑被相应的线程执行
                
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    System.out.println("step3 Thread run sequece of " + j + " loop of " + i);
                step = 1; //step3逻辑执行完毕,step进入下一步骤
                condition1.signal(); //step3逻辑执行完成,step进入1
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    

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        本文标题:线程安全5 - Lock & Condition实现同步通信

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